Criminal Justice Contacts and Psychophysiological Functioning in Early Adulthood: Health Inequality in the Carceral State

Boen, Courtney

doi:10.1177/0022146520936208

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The fact that we did not seem to find a health effect of detention is contrary to the findings from existing longitudinal survey-based studies, which did suggest detrimental health effects [ 13 , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] ]. These studies showed that incarceration was associated with mental health problems (e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, relatively few studies examined the health of female prisoners. To the best of our knowledge, only a dozen studies had a research design that countered these limitations [ 13 , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] ]. These studies, however, were all done in the United States or Australia, and only one used administrative health data instead of survey data, the latter being hampered by recall and social desirability biases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental and physical health problems before and after detention: A matched cohort study

Dirkzwager

Verheij

Nieuwbeerta

et al. 2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

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Background Individuals with poor health are largely overrepresented in prison populations. However, it remains unclear whether their poor health status already exists prior to their detention or reflects an effect of detention. We examined the health of detainees in the year before and after their detention and compared this with the health of matched non-detainees. Methods In this matched cohort study, we linked national data on all persons detained in the Netherlands in 2014/2015 to electronic health records (EHR's) of a representative sample of general practitioners in the Netherlands. Participants include 952 detained persons and 4760 matched non-detained persons (matched on age, sex and general practice). Prevalence rates of health problems in the year before and after detention and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Rates for a variety of physical and mental health problems are presented. Findings Detainees and matched controls differed statistically significant in their pre-detention health status. Compared with controls, male detainees were more likely to report psychological (odds ratio [OR] 3·64 [95% CI 3·11–4·26]), social (1·96 [1·46–2·64]), neurological (1·34 [1·02–1·76]), digestive (1·23 [1·02–1·49]), genital system-related (1·36 [1·07–1·72]), and unspecified health problems (1·32 [1·10–1·59]) in the year before their detention. For example, 43·7% of detainees and 17·6% of controls reported psychological problems in this pre-detention year. To some extent these pre-detention health differences were related to socioeconomic differences. Nevertheless, after taking these characteristics into account, a number of pre-detention health differences between detainees and controls remained statistically significant. No statistically significant changes in prevalence rates from pre- to post-detention and no differences in the levels of change across detainees and controls were observed. For female detainees a similar pattern was found. Interpretation People who experience detention have high and complex health needs both pre- and post-detention. While this study did not show a health deteriorating effect of detention, it also did not show a health improving effect. This latter finding may indicate a missed opportunity for health care services to address detainees’ health, especially since persons entering detention have elevated health problems. Knowledge on detainees’ specific health problems may help health care providers in prisons and in the community to adequately address the health care needs of this vulnerable group. Funding None.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental and physical health problems before and after detention: A matched cohort study

Dirkzwager

Verheij

Nieuwbeerta

et al. 2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

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“…Racial disparities in arrests and incarceration contribute to disparities in health outcomes caused by racism, with a recent study indicating that a greater number of criminal legal contacts among Black individuals contributes to more depressive symptoms, compared to White individuals. 39 We also must understand how the outcomes of the criminal legal system vary based on the color of the victim. Studies of execution outcomes point to inequity of Black and White lives, as defendants convicted of killing White victims were executed at a rate 17 times greater than those convicted of killing Black victims.…”

Section: Criminal Legalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racism Measurement Framework: A Tool for Public Health Action and Accountability

Nawaz

Moon

Seiber

et al. 2020

OJPH

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Racism is a principal determinant of health inequity, but recent events have galvanized local and state leaders across Ohio to declare racism a public health emergency. In addition to the renewed call to racial justice, sustained progress will require ongoing measurement to determine which anti-racist efforts are working, and why. In this review, we present existing measures categorized by 3 dimensions of racism that interact and build off of one another: (1) systemic racism, considering the health effects of policies in housing, voting, criminal legal system, economic opportunity, and health care; (2) interpersonal racism, and measures of provider bias and cultural competency; (3) internalized racism, measured as allostatic stress and heightened vigilance in distinct contexts. After identifying knowledge gaps, we developed a racism measurement framework that more comprehensively depicts the disparities caused by racism within Ohio and can be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of anti-racist efforts implemented across the state. As such, this framework provides not only a call for action against racism in Ohio, but an opportunity for organizations to measure the extent to which efforts have intervened on supposedly entrenched pathways to health inequities and disparities caused by racism.

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“…Another line of work developed in the psychoimmunology literatures maintains that incarceration triggers an upregulated, acute stress response that leads to physiological deterioration (Massoglia and Pridemore 2015). Empirical research indeed finds that formerly incarcerated persons have elevated levels of morbidity, especially for stress-related illnesses, and heightened risk for premature mortality (e.g., Boen 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the reliance on self-report instruments, the extent to which incarceration exposure becomes biologically embedded or “gets under the skin” is not well understood. Although objective biomarkers have been featured in some studies of incarceration and health, this work remains scarce (e.g., Boen 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Losing Years Doing Time: Incarceration Exposure and Accelerated Biological Aging among African American Adults

et al. 2021

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Research suggests that incarceration exposure increases the prevalence of morbidity and premature mortality. This work is only beginning to examine whether the stressors of the incarceration experience become biologically embedded in ways that affect physiological deterioration. Using data from a longitudinal sample of 410 African American adults in the Family and Community Health Study and an epigenetic index of aging, this study tests the extent to which incarceration accelerates epigenetic aging and whether experiences with violence moderate this association. Results from models that adjust for selection effects suggest that incarceration exposure predicted accelerated aging, leaving formerly incarcerated African American individuals biologically older than their calendar age. Direct experiences with violence also exacerbated the effects of incarceration. These findings suggest that incarceration possibly triggers a stress response that affects a biological signature of physiological deterioration.

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Criminal Justice Contacts and Psychophysiological Functioning in Early Adulthood: Health Inequality in the Carceral State

Cited by 44 publications

References 59 publications

Mental and physical health problems before and after detention: A matched cohort study

Mental and physical health problems before and after detention: A matched cohort study

Racism Measurement Framework: A Tool for Public Health Action and Accountability

Losing Years Doing Time: Incarceration Exposure and Accelerated Biological Aging among African American Adults

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