Criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism: A national birth cohort study in New Zealand

Bowden, Nicholas; Milne, Barry; Audas, Richard; Clasby, Betony; Dacombe, Joanne; Forster, Warren; Kokaua, Jesse; Gibb, Sheree; Hughes, Nathan; MacCormick, Conrad; Smiler, Kirsten; Taylor, Barry; Mirfin‐Veitch, Brigit

doi:10.1177/13623613211065541

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Thus it can be said that tackling crime by penal means is carried out by using criminal law as its primary means, namely material criminal law, formal criminal law, and its implementation through the Indonesian criminal justice system (Bowden et al, 2022).…”

Section: Issn Online: 2809-1000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integral Crime Control in the Perspective of Criminal Politics

Sriwati¹

2023

j. pholosophy law

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The research in this paper aims to find out how crime prevention can be carried out through an integral criminal political approach and whether the handling of crime is as expected. This research is normative by using statutory and conceptual approaches and expert opinions. Crime can be seen from two aspects, namely, from a social perspective. Crime is all kinds of actions and actions that can cause harm, disturb peace and balance, and violate societal norms. Meanwhile, from a formal point of view, crime is an act that violates the law or law, and the perpetrators can be subject to sanctions in the form of imprisonment, fines, and others. The study concluded that integral crime prevention through a criminal political approach could be carried out in a penal and non-penal manner. Through an approach with penal means that focuses more on the repressive nature (suppression/eradication) after the crime has occurred. Meanwhile, non-penal means focusing more on preventive nature (prevention/control) before a crime occurs. Penal means can be carried out through the criminal justice system, namely by applying criminal sanctions as stipulated in the Criminal Code, in particular Article 10 of the Criminal Code, which regulates the types of punishment. In addition, criminal sanctions can be used through other laws and regulations that regulate criminal provisions (Article 103 of the Criminal Code). Crime prevention, through an integral political approach with penal and non-penal means, is intended to improve the perpetrators of crimes, prevent crimes from occurring so that victims do not arise, and, more importantly, in the framework of social defense and social welfare.

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Section: Issn Online: 2809-1000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integral Crime Control in the Perspective of Criminal Politics

Sriwati¹

2023

j. pholosophy law

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“…The characteristics and correlates of violent victimization experiences of autistic adults have received little attention until recently. In fact, most of the research to date has focused on perpetration of violence among autistic people, despite little evidence of higher prevalence of offending behavior (Bowden et al, 2021). To address this gap, we surveyed both autistic and non-autistic adults, obtaining socio-demographic data, measures of each of the variables of interest outlined above and asking about their experiences of a range of violence types.…”

Section: Individual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly‐victimization of autistic adults: An investigation of individual‐level correlates

Gibbs,

Hudson,

Pellicano

2023

Autism Research

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Autistic people experience high rates of violence and victimization which is largely due to structural injustices, including stigma and social attitudes. Identifying and addressing systemic and structural factors is vitally important, however effecting change in embedded social structures is likely to take some time, even with concerted efforts. In the meantime, it is important to understand whether there are other individual‐level factors that may assist in developing preventative and protective strategies for autistic people. The current study investigated the role of individual‐level risk factors in the victimization of autistic people. Specifically, we examined whether characteristics that are common among autistic people that is, lower social competence, higher compliance and emotion regulation difficulties or more ADHD features (inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity) were associated with poly‐victimization in a community sample of 228 adults (118 autistic, 110 non‐autistic). Our results show that only ADHD features were predictive of poly‐victimization once socio‐demographic background variables (age, sexual orientation) were adjusted for. Group status was not a significant predictor in the model and there were no interaction effects between any of the characteristics and group status. These findings suggest that, regardless of whether a person is autistic, ADHD features may place individuals at higher risk of experiencing multiple forms of violence in adulthood. Further research using longitudinal designs and larger, diverse samples is needed. Furthermore, the regression model only accounted for about one‐third of the variance in poly‐victimization which highlights the importance of looking beyond individual‐level risk factors to structural and systemic factors that contribute to disproportionate victimization of autistic people.

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“…Signatory states are also required to collect appropriate data to demonstrate they are complying with the obligations set forth in the UNCRPD ( Bowden et al, 2022 ). However, there are considerable challenges in accessing such data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Criminal Justice System Interactions in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a National Birth Cohort

Anns,

D’Souza,

MacCormick

et al. 2023

J Atten Disord

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Objective: To examine criminal justice system (CJS) interactions and pathways through the justice system for young adults with ADHD compared to young adults without ADHD. Method: Nationwide 3-year birth cohort study using linked health and CJS data. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine associations between ADHD and police proceedings, court charges, court convictions, and incarcerations. Results: Young adults with ADHD were significantly more likely to interact with the CJS including police proceedings (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1 95% CI [2.0, 2.2]) court charges (HR, 2.2 95% CI [2.1, 2.3]), court convictions (HR, 2.3 95% CI [2.2, 2.4]), and incarceration (HR, 4.8 95% CI [4.3, 5.4]). Conclusions: Young adults with ADHD are overrepresented at all stages of the CJS. Results highlight the importance of early identification and responsivity to ADHD within the CJS and suggest that the NZ justice system may require changes to both areas to ensure that young individuals with ADHD receive equitable access to, and treatment within, the CJS.

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Criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism: A national birth cohort study in New Zealand

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Integral Crime Control in the Perspective of Criminal Politics

Integral Crime Control in the Perspective of Criminal Politics

Poly‐victimization of autistic adults: An investigation of individual‐level correlates

Risk of Criminal Justice System Interactions in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a National Birth Cohort

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