“…The past 30 years witnessed a rise in the number of women arrested for domestic violence following implementation of mandatory arrest policies ( Chesney-Lind, 2002 ; Durfee, 2012 ; Henning et al, 2006 ). Women represent as many as 31% of all domestic violence arrests in some jurisdictions which has contributed to their increasing visibility in batterer intervention programs ( Hamel et al, 2017 ; Hirschel & Buzawa, 2002 ; Solinas-Saunders & Stacer, 2022 ). Women now comprise up to 25% of batterer intervention program participants, with comparable or more frequent psychological and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration being reported by women relative to men enrolled in batterer interventions ( Busch & Rosenberg, 2004 ; Buttell et al, 2012 ; Dalton, 2007 ; Elmquist et al, 2014 ; Feder & Henning, 2005 ; Hamel et al, 2017 ).…”