Criminological Theories of Violations of Wartime Regulations

Clinard, Marshall B.

doi:10.2307/2087110

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However the 1983 version incorporated the names of the offenders that were left out of the 1949 version. In these texts, Sutherland goes on to acknowledge other scholars, citing Clinard (1946), who propose that the theory of differential association should be supplemented with an understanding of what role personality plays in crime. Sutherland states, "[C]ertainly white-collar crimes, like other crimes, are not adequately explained by differential association…supplements to the hypothesis are needed" (Sutherland, 1983, p. 263).…”

Section: Application To White-collar Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Sutherland, Cleckley and Beyond: White-Collar Crime and Psychopathy

Perri¹,

Lichtenwald²,

Mieczkowska³

2014

IJPS

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Scholarship on white-collar crime by Edwin Sutherland and on psychopathy by Hervey Cleckley influenced criminological and behavioral research on personality traits in the twentieth century and beyond. Over seventy years have passed since their publications, yet white-collar crime scholarship historically and personality traits associated with such offenders to date remains sparse despite the enormity of damage caused by this crime. The authors' analysis contributes to a clearer historical understanding of why empirical white-collar crime scholarship aimed at developing a white-collar offender profile(s) is highly underrepresented in the behavioral and criminological fields relative to non-white-collar crime. The authors found that a plausible partial explanation for the lack of research can be traced to 1) Sutherland's antagonistic view toward the contributions by the behavioral disciplines, 2) minimizing scholarship advocating a multiple factor approach to understanding criminal behavior, and 3) rejection of an inferential statistical methodology applied to criminological research. Secondly, due to Sutherland's legacy on the direction and method of criminological scholarship, the authors find that Sutherland's ambivalence on the role of personality traits and psychopathy in relation to criminal behavior stymied criminological research for over half a century on the development of a white-collar offender profile(s). Moreover, since Cleckley, sparse empirical scholarship by the behavioral sciences has failed to examine the potential implications of psychopathy's role as a white-collar offender behavioral risk factor giving rise to misperceptions about this offender class.

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Section: Application To White-collar Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Sutherland, Cleckley and Beyond: White-Collar Crime and Psychopathy

Perri¹,

Lichtenwald²,

Mieczkowska³

2014

IJPS

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“…Although his definition of white-collar crime was somewhat ambiguous, it led the field of criminology into decades of debates over what constitutes a crime. It prompted the field to expand beyond the etiology of street crime to examine corporate crimes in the form of occupational crimes and organizational crimes (Braithwaite, 1984;Clinard, 1946;Clinard & Quinney, 1973;Clinard & Yeager, 1980;Geis, 1967;Kramer, 1982;Michalowski & Kramer, 1987;Quinney, 1977;Schrager & Short, 1978;Schwendinger & Schwendinger, 1970;Vaughan, 1982). In his 1989 American Society of Criminology Presidential speech, William Chambliss argued that the focus on corporate and occupational crimes should be expanded to state crime as a field of inquiry (Chambliss, 1989).…”

Section: Quoted Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Private Military Contractors, Crime, and the Terrain of Unaccountability

Rothe¹,

Ross²

2009

Justice Quarterly

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“…Despite the deterrence value of a focus upon individuals (Clinard 1952(Clinard , 1977(Clinard , 1983Geis 1972;Clinard & Yeager 1980:280-298;Braithwaite & Geis 1982), these agencies have exhibited an overwhelming tendency to target the corporation for enforcement action (Trade Practices Commission 1978:72-75,77;Fisse 1980:183;Fisse & Braithwaite 1984:131;Grabosky & Braithwaite 1986:189). In their study Grabosky and Braithwaite found that, while 60% of the 95 agencies studied had statutes which provided for imprisonment of offenders, apart from one case involving aviation safety, only the agencies dealing with financial fraud engaged in enforcement which .led to imprisonment, and then rarely.…”

Section: The Reasonableness Of Corporate Performance Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is contended that middle managers do learn 'the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalisations, and attitudes' (Sutherland & Cressey 1978:6-7) favourable to corporate perfonnance crime (Clinard 1946(Clinard ,1952Lane 1953;Box 1983:54-57;Cressey 1986;Simon & Eitzen 1990:296-298). These learned vocabularies are transmitted in an internal moral and intellectual world in which the corporation seeks to have the individual identify with the corporation and its goals (Margolis 1979:47).…”

Section: The Reasonableness Of Corporate Performance Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through learning these definitions the middle manager is able to release himself from the moral bind of the law (Sykes & Matza 1957;Box 1983:54-57;Simon & Eitzen 1990:296-298). She learns to deny responsibility, especially in the face of ambiguous regulatory laws (Box 1983:55); she learns to deny the victim (Geis 1967:144-145), particularly where it is a government agency, or where monopolistic practices such as price-fixing occur; and perhaps most importantly of all she learns that business ethics are morally superior to mere formal legalism (Clinard 1946(Clinard , 1952Lane 1953;Cressey 1986).…”

Section: The Reasonableness Of Corporate Performance Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

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Corporate Performance Crime as Structurally Coerced Action

Sharpe

1995

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology

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This article will argue that corporate performance crime can be described as structurally coerced action because it represents the mostreasonable response to a sanction-containing organisational demandset beyonda legitimately attainable threshold. This account of corporate performance crime recognises the importance of structural strain, rational choiceandsocial learning experiences as key contours on its contextual landscape. However, the concept of coercion as a moral concept requires a further and vital ingredient -encroachment upon some moral right. The claim of right to be asserted is one to haveorganisational rewards allocated upon the basis of merit-based criteria. Itis strain theory which provides a space for the assertion of encroachment upon this moral right, while the theories ofrational choiceand social learning helpexplain the reasonableness of action. The designation of corporate performance crime as coerced action contains implications for criminal responsibility, punishment and crime-prevention strategies which the article explores.

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Criminological Theories of Violations of Wartime Regulations

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Sutherland, Cleckley and Beyond: White-Collar Crime and Psychopathy

Sutherland, Cleckley and Beyond: White-Collar Crime and Psychopathy

Private Military Contractors, Crime, and the Terrain of Unaccountability

Corporate Performance Crime as Structurally Coerced Action

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