Crinkled employs wingless pathway for wing development in Tribolium castaneum

Abstract

Crinkled is associated with embryonic denticle formation and auditory organ development in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the functions of Crinkled have not been fully investigated. Additionally, the genes that participate in the Crinkled pathway are unknown. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that crinkled exhibits a one-to-one orthologous relationship in insects. In Tribolium castaneum, the crinkled gene is 6,498 bp in length and consists of six exons. Crinkled expression peaked during two phases in Tribolium: late embryonic and pupal stages. High levels of crinkled mRNA were detected in the fat body, head, epidermis, ovary, and accessory gland of late adults. Knockdown of crinkled using RNA interference (RNAi) severely affected wing morphogenesis in T. castaneum. We further showed that crinkled silencing reduced forked expression through wingless and shaven-baby, and RNAi of forked phenocopied the effects of crinkled knockdown in T. castaneum. This study investigated the development role of crinkled in postembryonic stages and indicated that forked mediates the functions of crinkled during wing morphogenesis in T. castaneum.

Functional analysis of zona pellucida domain protein Dusky in Tribolium castaneum

“…Wings were collected from 10‐d‐old adults of the IB and ds‐ dy groups. The wings were dehydrated, coated, and observed under a KYKY10008B electron microscope (JSM‐5610, Tokyo, Japan) (Li et al ., 2018).…”

“…F has been identified as the target of shavenbaby (Chanut‐Delalande et al ., 2006), and the latter acts downstream of wingless to cell‐autonomously direct cytoskeletal modifications that produce the denticle (Payre et al ., 1999; Li et al ., 2016). In insects, fj (Villano & Katz, 1995; Li et al ., 2017a) and f (Li et al ., 2018) have been reported to be involved in wing morphogenesis. These results suggest that the functions of dy are associated with Fat and Wnt pathways.…”

“…In insects, fj (Villano & Katz, 1995;Li et al, 2017a) and f (Li et al, 2018) have been reported to be involved in wing morphogenesis. These results suggest that the functions of dy are associated with Fat and Wnt pathways.…”

A new neuropeptide insect parathyroid hormone iPTH in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

“…The samples were dehydrated in an ethanol gradient of 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 for 5 min each. Samples were coated with platinum and observed with a KYKY10008B electron microscope (JSM-5610, Tokyo, Japan) [56].…”