Crises and Crisis Generations: The Long-term Impact of International Crises on Military Political Participation

White, Peter B.

doi:10.1080/09636412.2017.1336388

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, we also employ two objective and observable measures of MIP. The first measure is taken from White (2017), who has recently introduced the Military Participation in Government (MPG) Dataset. It captures the proportion of a state’s cabinet, state council, or equivalent that is made up of military officers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case-based research highlights that the military not only intervenes in politics via coups, suggesting that military actors have several degrees of institutional autonomy and influence military spending, the organization of the security sector, as well as defense and foreign policies more widely (e.g. Finer, 1975; Huntington, 1957; Levy, 2016; Pion-Berlin, 1992; White, 2017). Gelpi and Feaver (2002) find that the presence of veterans in the US political elite—their proxy for the civil–military gap over time and the prevalence of military experience and opinions—reduces the propensity of the United States to initiate militarized disputes.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much research highlights that the armed forces are the sentinels of the state and that civil and international wars severely threaten the territorial integrity of the state and the national interest. Threat-based explanations stress that domestic and external security threats affect civil–military relations and encourage military participation in politics to a different extent (Huntington, 1957; Lasswell, 1941; White, 2017). The general consensus in the civil–military literature is that external threats should decrease MIP, while higher internal threats should lead to higher levels of MIP (Desch, 2001; Piplani and Talmadge, 2016; Staniland, 2008: 326–327).…”

Section: The Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2. An exception is White (2017), who shows that defeats or stalemates in international crises can increase military professionalization that in turn reduce military intervention in politics. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Beyond coups: terrorism and military involvement in politics

Bove

Rivera

Ruffa

2019

European Journal of International Relations

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A wealth of research in comparative politics and international relations examines how the military intervenes in politics via coups. We shift attention to broader forms of military involvement in politics beyond coups and claim that terrorist violence and the threat of terror attacks provide a window of opportunity for military intervention, without taking full control of state institutions. We highlight two mechanisms through which terrorism influences military involvement in politics: (1) government authorities demand military expertise to fight terrorism and strengthen national security and “pull” the armed forces into politics, and (2) state armed actors exploit their informational advantage over civilian authorities to “push” their way into politics and policy-making. A panel data analysis shows that domestic terror attacks and perceived threats from domestic and transnational terrorist organizations increase military involvement in politics. We illustrate the theoretical mechanisms with the cases of France (1995–1998 and 2015–2016) and Algeria (1989–1992).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Beyond coups: terrorism and military involvement in politics

Bove

Rivera

Ruffa

2019

European Journal of International Relations

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“…Some military leaders may like internal missions because the latter sometimes may provide the armed forces with more budget and political influence. In any case, the trade-off between internal missions and military effectiveness in external missions is undeniable, as recently and forcefully shown by White (2017).…”

Section: The Policy Consequences Of Civilians In the Defense Sectormentioning

confidence: 97%

The Impact of Civilians on Defense Policy in New Democracies: The Case of Brazil

Neto

2019

Lat Am Polit Soc

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This article argues that growing civilian direction of the defense sector should generate three consequences: greater interoperability of the armed forces, a stronger emphasis on operations outside the national territory (here called externalism), and better defense-diplomacy coordination. An original investigation of the makeup of the drafting committees of three of Brazil’s national security strategy documents since the mid-1990s shows that varying rates of civilian participation in defense policymaking generate an impact on defense policy directives commensurate with theoretical expectations. Defense policy implementation, however, has found varying degrees of success. Using new and systematic quantitative data, this study demonstrates that interoperability has made progress, defense-diplomacy coordination is at an intermediate stage, and externalism, albeit not a failure, is still far from a success. Externalism’s performance is a consequence of rising crime, deficient police forces, the pragmatism of civilian elites, and public support for law-and-order military missions.

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The State of the Field on Political Shocks: A Review of (Mostly) Quantitative Literature

Gordell

2023

Evidence-Based Approaches to Peace and Conflict Studies

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Crises and Crisis Generations: The Long-term Impact of International Crises on Military Political Participation

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Beyond coups: terrorism and military involvement in politics

Beyond coups: terrorism and military involvement in politics

The Impact of Civilians on Defense Policy in New Democracies: The Case of Brazil

The State of the Field on Political Shocks: A Review of (Mostly) Quantitative Literature

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