Crisis of the Asian gut: associations among diet, microbiota, and metabolic diseases

Therdtatha, Phatthanaphong; SHINODA, Akari; Nakayama, Jiro

doi:10.12938/bmfh.2021-085

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…This may be due to the fact that Asian populations have more visceral fat compared to European populations ( 39 ). On the other hand, relatively low intake of red meat and impaired skeletal muscle mass in postmenopausal females may also contribute to sarcobesity in elder females ( 40 , 41 ). Sarcobesity is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications of colorectal cancer in female patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcobesity, but not visceral fat, is an independent risk factor for complications after radical resection of colorectal cancer

et al. 2023

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BackgroundThe influence of body composition on the outcome of colorectal cancer surgery is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of visceral obesity and sarcobesity on the incidence of total and surgical complications after radical resection of colorectal cancer.MethodsWe collected a total of 426 patients who underwent elective radical resection of colorectal cancer at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to May 2018. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 387 patients were finally included. A CT scan at the level of the L3-L4 intervertebral disk was selected to measure the values of visceral fat area and skeletal muscle area. Multivariate analysis was used to explore the independent risk/protective factors affecting postoperative complications.Results128 (33.1%) patients developed complications, and 44 (11.4%) patients developed major complications. Among them, 111 patients developed surgical complications and 21 developed medical complications. Visceral fat area (Z = −3.271, p = 0.001), total fat area (Z = −2.613, p = 0.009), visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio (V/S, Z = −2.633, p = 0.008), and sarcobesity index (Z = −2.282, p = 0.023) were significantly associated with total complications. Visceral fat area (Z = −2.119, p = 0.034) and V/S (Z = −2.010, p = 0.044) were significantly associated with total surgical complications. Sarcobesity index, smoking, stoma, blood loss, surgery time, and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score were selected as risk factors for total postoperative complications according to LASSO regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that sarcobesity index was an independent risk factor for postoperative total complications and surgical complications. Subgroup analysis suggested that albumin level was an independent protective factor for postoperative total complications in male patients. Smoking, operative time, and sarcobesity index were independent risk factors, and cholesterol was an independent protective factor for total postoperative complications in female patients.ConclusionIncreased sarcobesity index is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in patients with colorectal cancer, while visceral fat area is not. For female patients, smoking, operation time, and obesity index are independent risk factors for postoperative complications, while cholesterol is an independent protective factor. For male patients, serum albumin is an independent protective factor for postoperative complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcobesity, but not visceral fat, is an independent risk factor for complications after radical resection of colorectal cancer

et al. 2023

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“…Over the past two centuries, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have been accompanied by substantial dietary changes and a generally more sedentary lifestyle. These changes are particularly pronounced in developing countries, in parallel with the increased adoption of Western dietary patterns [ 1 , 2 ]. These tend to be rich in highly processed, energy-dense, low-cost foods in contrast to traditional diets comprising fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Higher-Protein Nut versus Higher-Carbohydrate Cereal Enriched Diet on the Gut Microbiomes of Chinese Participants with Overweight and Normoglycaemia or Prediabetes in the Tū Ora Study

Faraj,

Sequeira-Bisson,

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Global increases in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially within Asian populations, highlight the need for novel approaches to dietary intervention. The Tū Ora study previously evaluated the effects on metabolic health of including a nut product into the diet of a New Zealand cohort of Chinese participants with overweight and normoglycaemia or prediabetes through a 12-week randomised, parallel-group clinical trial. In this current study, we compared the impact of this higher-protein nut bar (HP-NB) versus a higher-carbohydrate cereal bar (HC-CB) on the faecal microbiome by employing both 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of pre- and post-intervention pairs from 84 participants. Despite the higher fibre, protein, and unsaturated fat content of nuts, there was little difference between dietary groups in gut microbiome composition or functional potential, with the bacterial phylum Firmicutes dominating irrespective of diet. The lack of observed change suggests the dietary impact of the bars may have been insufficient to affect the gut microbiome. Manipulating the interplay between the diet, microbiome, and metabolic health may require a more substantial and/or prolonged dietary perturbation to generate an impactful modification of the gut ecosystem and its functional potential to aid in T2D risk reduction.

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“…In recent years, several studies have been conducted in Western countries on the correlation between DII and various diseases ( 15 , 16 ). The diets of Asian countries are different from those of Western countries, and changes in Asian food patterns as a result of the introduction of Western food patterns in recent years have caused many changes, such as increased consumption of foods rich in refined sugar, sodium, saturated fats and trans fats leading to the spread of obesity and inflammation in these countries ( 17 ). Some previous studies have examined the effect of healthy eating patterns on birth outcomes ( 18 ) or the impact of quality improvement in reducing unnecessary cesarean sections ( 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Cesarean Delivery

Sheikholmolooki,

Djazayery,

Abbasi

2024

ijph

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Background: Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most important pregnancy concerns in the world. Increased inflammation is associated with increased risk factors for cesarean section. Diet plays a major role in reducing inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of Cesarean section in Tehranian women. Methods: This case-control study included 390 pregnant women in Tehran, Iran between 2020 and 2021 at their initial visit to pregnancy clinics, selected by a cluster sampling method. Dietary intakes were determined using valid reliable questionnaires and DII was calculated. Weight, height, and waist circumference were also measured. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 28.5 yr (± 5.02) and weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the case group with a higher DII were higher. Odds ratio (OR) of cesarean section in DII quartiles was statistically significant. Confounding factors including age, BMI and total energy intake were adjusted in the first model and weight, waist circumference, physical activity and supplements in the second model and the relationship remained significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: High scores of dietary inflammatory index, possibly through an increase in inflammatory factors, can increase the chances of having a cesarean section.

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Crisis of the Asian gut: associations among diet, microbiota, and metabolic diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Sarcobesity, but not visceral fat, is an independent risk factor for complications after radical resection of colorectal cancer

Sarcobesity, but not visceral fat, is an independent risk factor for complications after radical resection of colorectal cancer

Effect of a Higher-Protein Nut versus Higher-Carbohydrate Cereal Enriched Diet on the Gut Microbiomes of Chinese Participants with Overweight and Normoglycaemia or Prediabetes in the Tū Ora Study

Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Cesarean Delivery

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