CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Nutrient Enrichment in Crops: A Promising Approach Toward Global Food Security

Kumar, Dileep; Yadav, Anurag; Ahmad, Rumana; Dwivedi, Upendra N.; Yadav, Kusum

doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.932859

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 161 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, it would seem that the most promising techniques for developing new varieties are transgenic [ 5 ] and genome editing, particularly CRISPR-Cas9 [ 147 ]. However, in July 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) clarified that organisms from new mutagenesis techniques fall within the scope of the EU GMO legislation [ 148 ], consequently nullifying the results achieved with this new genetic improvement technique in the EU.…”

Section: Genetic Resources and Varieties Constitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Improvement of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Opportunities and Challenges

Ghidoli

Ponzoni

Araniti

et al. 2023

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, a renewed interest in novel crops has been developing due to the environmental issues associated with the sustainability of agricultural practices. In particular, a cover crop, Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is attracting the scientific community's interest for several desirable features. It is related to the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, and its oil extracted from the seeds can be used either for food and feed, or for industrial uses such as biofuel production. From an agronomic point of view, it can grow in marginal lands with little or no inputs, and is practically resistant to the most important pathogens of Brassicaceae. Although cultivated in the past, particularly in northern Europe and Italy, in the last century, it was abandoned. For this reason, little breeding work has been conducted to improve this plant, also because of the low genetic variability present in this hexaploid species. In this review, we summarize the main works on this crop, focused on genetic improvement with three main objectives: yield, seed oil content and quality, and reduction in glucosinolates content in the seed, which are the main anti-nutritional substances present in camelina. We also report the latest advances in utilising classical plant breeding, transgenic approaches, and CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing.

show abstract

Section: Genetic Resources and Varieties Constitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Improvement of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Opportunities and Challenges

Ghidoli

Ponzoni

Araniti

et al. 2023

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing is increasingly used to enhance disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, heat, salinity) and end-use quality in food crops. The role of genome editing in crop biofortification is being exploited for several traits including vitamin-A enrichment, targeted increases in grain zinc and iron, and reducing anti-nutritional factors in the grain ( Kumar et al, 2022 ). Targeted knockout of the OsAAP6 and OsAAP10 genes using gene editing has reduced protein content in rice ( Wang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: New Breeding Techniques For Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat

Roy

Kumar²,

Ranjan³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More than three billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency associated anemia and an equal number people suffer from zinc deficiency. These conditions are more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In developing countries, children under the age of five with stunted growth and pregnant or lactating women were found to be at high risk of zinc and iron deficiencies. Biofortification, defined as breeding to develop varieties of staple food crops whose grain contains higher levels of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, are one of the most promising, cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve the health in resource-poor households, particularly in rural areas where families consume some part of what they grow. Biofortification through conventional breeding in wheat, particularly for grain zinc and iron, have made significant contributions, transferring important genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from wild and related species into cultivated wheat. Nonetheless, the quantitative, genetically complex nature of iron and zinc levels in wheat grain limits progress through conventional breeding, making it difficult to attain genetic gain both for yield and grain mineral concentrations. Wheat biofortification can be achieved by enhancing mineral uptake, source-to-sink translocation of minerals and their deposition into grains, and the bioavailability of the minerals. A number of QTLs with major and minor effects for those traits have been detected in wheat; introducing the most effective into breeding lines will increase grain zinc and iron concentrations. New approaches to achieve this include maker assisted selection and genomic selection. Faster breeding approaches need to be combined to simultaneously increase grain mineral content and yield in wheat breeding lines.

show abstract

“…Using this approach, new varieties of lettuce with various levels of vitamin C and new varieties of strawberries with various levels of sugar have been developed (Zhang et al, 2018a;Xing et al, 2020). Kumar et al (2022) reviewed the developments to date on gene editing of a broad range of crops with respect to nutrient enrichment. This included enrichment for vitamin A, vitamin E, iron and zinc.…”

Section: Quantitative Trait Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gene editing might be used to obviate the sometimes long breeding processes that HarvestPlus, 1 for example, has used to produce nutrient-enriched crops. Kumar et al (2022) published an extensive list of instances where CRISPR-Cas9 has been used to improve the quality of a range of crops, including cereals, vegetables and fruits. They provided information on how gene editing has been used to boost the content of vitamins A and E, iron and zinc in various crops in an attempt to tackle problems of malnutrition.…”

Section: Gene Editing and Human Hungermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene editing and agrifood systems

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

vi NARS scientists we can further advance breeding of crops critical to feeding much of the world's population like cassava, sorghum, millet and banana.Around the world, governments have taken a practical approach towards regulation: in cases where changes made via genome editing are synonymous with changes that could have been made using conventional breeding, products undergo similar safety assessments. For edits that lead to insertions of DNA, governments can rely on over three decades' worth of experience in transgenics. This clear regulatory approach has spurred investment by academic and public-sector developers who now have a path to product approvals.Any review of genome editing technology should be accompanied by a discussion on ethics. Valid concerns have been raised over the desire for an unaltered natural environment, maintenance of ancient germplasm, as well as animal rights, and cultures around the world will have questions about how the technology might comply or conflict with religious beliefs. Platforms for societal engagement are much needed to facilitate discussions on ethics, and to educate the public on the technology. Individuals should have the ability to choose products that meet their needs and adhere to their belief systems. A consumer of the future may choose an edited variety because they prioritize sustainability, animal welfare, have allergies, or prefer the taste. A farmer of the future may choose to grow an edited crop because it preserves a favoured variety while making it more resilient to a changing climate, or because it increases yield, or captures carbon from the atmosphere. A successful path to the future is one that includes informed choice.It is my hope that this report will serve as a guiding document for those seeking to responsibly and equitably deploy genome editing technologies. All of human health depends on agriculture. It has been just over 10 years since CRISPR genome editing emerged as a tool; now it is time to wield it wisely.

show abstract

CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Nutrient Enrichment in Crops: A Promising Approach Toward Global Food Security

Cited by 50 publications

References 161 publications

Genetic Improvement of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Opportunities and Challenges

Genetic Improvement of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Opportunities and Challenges

Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat

Gene editing and agrifood systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About