CRISPR-cas systems based molecular diagnostic tool for infectious diseases and emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia

Xiang, Xiaohong; Qian, Keli; Zhang, Zhen; Lin, Feng-yun; Xie, Yang; Liu, Yang; Yang, Zongfa

doi:10.1080/1061186x.2020.1769637

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Classification of class 2 complexes has been recently been updated and expanded from an original 15 subtypes described in 2015 to now recognize 26 subtypes. This class of proteins has underpinned much of the great progress in recent years in fields of genome editing and rapid detection of infectious diseases, such as the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 [87]. In subtype V-A and type VI proteins a large effector Cas protein is responsible for pre-crRNA processing while a non-Cas enzyme, bacterial RNase III, has robust activity as a processing module in type II and various type V subtypes.…”

Section: Expanding Class II Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effector protein Cas13a present in VI-A subtype acts as a kind of RNA-guided RNase, where Cas13a attaches to crRNA and forms a complex that cleaves ssRNA [25,58]. A potent platform named SHER LOCK (specific high sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking) has been developed by Prof. Feng Zhang et al as a potent platform for rapid and sensitive detection of many different infectious diseases, including COVID-19 [87].…”

Section: Expanding Class II Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

et al. 2020

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Interest in CRISPR technology, an instrumental component of prokaryotic adaptive immunity which enables prokaryotes to detect any foreign DNA and then destroy it, has gained popularity among members of the scientific community. This is due to CRISPR’s remarkable gene editing and cleaving abilities. While the application of CRISPR in human genome editing and diagnosis needs to be researched more fully, and any potential side effects or ambiguities resolved, CRISPR has already shown its capacity in an astonishing variety of applications related to genome editing and genetic engineering. One of its most currently relevant applications is in diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Since its initial discovery, 6 types and 22 subtypes of CRISPR systems have been discovered and explored. Diagnostic CRISPR systems are most often derived from types II, V, and VI. Different types of CRISPR-Cas systems which have been identified in different microorganisms can target DNA (e.g. Cas9 and Cas12 enzymes) or RNA (e.g. Cas13 enzyme). Viral, bacterial, and non-infectious diseases such as cancer can all be diagnosed using the cleavage activity of CRISPR enzymes from the aforementioned types. Diagnostic tests using Cas12 and Cas13 enzymes have already been developed for detection of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus. Additionally, CRISPR diagnostic tests can be performed using simple reagents and paper-based lateral flow assays, which can potentially reduce laboratory and patient costs significantly. In this review, the classification of CRISPR-Cas systems as well as the basis of the CRISPR/Cas mechanisms of action will be presented. The application of these systems in medical diagnostics with emphasis on the diagnosis of COVID-19 will be discussed.

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Section: Expanding Class II Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expanding Class II Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…For amplification, isothermal amplification methods, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), [27][28][29] loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), [30][31][32][33] recombinase aided amplification (RAA), [34,35] nicking enzyme amplification reaction (NEAR), [36,37] cross priming amplification (CPA), [38,39] dual amplification plus multiple biotin signal amplification (DA-MBSA), [40] and specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking (SHERLOCK), [41][42][43] are used instead of PCR. The common characteristics of the above technologies are that amplification can be accomplished at one or two consistent temperatures (some isothermal amplification methods, such as RPA, cannot directly use RNA as a template and need to carry out reverse transcription at an alternate temperature), as thermal cycling is no longer required.…”

Section: Poctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acid Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Demand, Research Progression, and Perspective

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a public health emergency of international concern. There has been a surge in demand for COVID-19 diagnostic reagents, as timely detection of virus carriers is one of the most important components of disease prevention and control. Nucleic acid testing (NAT), with high sensitivity and specificity, is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Therefore, more than 700 research units and companies have been devoted to developing NAT reagents. To date, nearly 600 research units and companies have claimed to have completed the development of NAT reagents. The use of these products has a positive effect on disease prevention and control; however, exaggerated claims and inadequate understanding of the products have led to improper access to reagents and equipment in clinics. This has resulted in chaos in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Herein, we have overviewed the COVID-19 NAT products, including their principles, corresponding advantages and disadvantages, relevant circumstances for application, and respective roles in epidemic containment. Our comments may provide some references for assay developers and aid clinical staff in choosing the appropriate class of test from the different tests available.

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“…To date, there are several strategies for diagnosing COVID-19, which are mainly based on viral nucleic acid [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] or antigen detection [ 21 ], and detection of the host’s immunological responses [ 22 ]. Figure 1 illustrates the most widely used diagnostic tests for COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Antibody-Based COVID-19 Mass Surveillance: Relevance, Challenges, and Prospects in a Pandemic and Post-Pandemic World

Augustine

Das

Hasan

et al. 2020

JCM

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The aggressive outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic demands rapid and simplified testing tools for its effective management. Increased mass testing and surveillance are crucial for controlling the disease spread, obtaining better pandemic statistics, and developing realistic epidemiological models. Despite the advantages of nucleic acid- and antigen-based tests such as accuracy, specificity, and non-invasive approaches of sample collection, they can only detect active infections. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are produced by the host immune system within a few days after infection and persist in the blood for at least several weeks after infection resolution. Antibody-based tests have provided a substitute and effective method of ultra-rapid detection for multiple contagious disease outbreaks in the past, including viral diseases such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome). Thus, although not highly suitable for early diagnosis, antibody-based methods can be utilized to detect past infections hidden in the population, including asymptomatic ones. In an active community spread scenario of a disease that can provide a bigger window for mass detections and a practical approach for continuous surveillance. These factors encouraged researchers to investigate means of improving antibody-based rapid tests and employ them as reliable, reproducible, sensitive, specific, and economic tools for COVID-19 mass testing and surveillance. The development and integration of such immunoglobulin-based tests can transform the pandemic diagnosis by moving the same out of the clinics and laboratories into community testing sites and homes. This review discusses the principle, technology, and strategies being used in antibody-based testing at present. It also underlines the immense prospect of immunoglobulin-based testing and the efficacy of repeated planned deployment in pandemic management and post-pandemic sustainable screenings globally.

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CRISPR-cas systems based molecular diagnostic tool for infectious diseases and emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia

Cited by 63 publications

References 56 publications

CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

Nucleic Acid Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Demand, Research Progression, and Perspective

Rapid Antibody-Based COVID-19 Mass Surveillance: Relevance, Challenges, and Prospects in a Pandemic and Post-Pandemic World

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