“…With the advent of the CRISPR/Cas technology, several studies have reported varying degrees of inhibition of HBV replication and/or cccDNA formation using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with different delivery tools (Figure 2; Lin et al, 2014;Seeger and Sohn, 2014;Dong et al, 2015;Lin et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2015Liu et al, , 2018Ramanan et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;Zhen et al, 2015;Li H. et al, 2016;Seeger and Sohn, 2016;Zhu et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017Li et al, , 2018Kostyusheva et al, 2019;Kayesh et al, 2020;Suzuki et al, 2021;Yan et al, 2021;Martinez et al, 2022;Wang D. et al, 2022). Notably, it is difficult to efficiently quantify cccDNA (Wang Z. et al, 2022), and accurate quantification of intrahepatic cccDNA is important for assessing the efficiency of anti-HBV therapy.…”