CRISPR-mediated defense mechanisms in the hyperthermophilic archaeal genus<i><i>Sulfolobus</i></i>

Manica, Andrea; Schleper, Christa

doi:10.4161/rna.24154

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…The bound RNA target was then distorted by thumb-like domains for cleavage. The Type III CRISPR-Cas systems in the archaeal genus Sulfolobus are characterized by the additional presence of Cas10, possibly involved in nucleic acid targeting [29].…”

Section: Cas Specificity and Conformational Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physicist’s guide to one of biotechnology’s hottest new topics: CRISPR-Cas

Bonomo

Deem

2018

Phys. Biol.

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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) constitute a multi-functional, constantly evolving immune system in bacteria and archaea cells. A heritable, molecular memory is generated of phage, plasmids, or other mobile genetic elements that attempt to attack the cell. This memory is used to recognize and interfere with subsequent invasions from the same genetic elements. This versatile prokaryotic tool has also been used to advance applications in biotechnology. Here we review a large body of CRISPR-Cas research to explore themes of evolution and selection, population dynamics, horizontal gene transfer, specific and cross-reactive interactions, cost and regulation, non-immunological CRISPR functions that boost host cell robustness, as well as applicable mechanisms for efficient and specific genetic engineering. We offer future directions that can be addressed by the physics community. Physical understanding of the CRISPR-Cas system will advance uses in biotechnology, such as developing cell lines and animal models, cell labeling and information storage, combatting antibiotic resistance, and human therapeutics.

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Section: Cas Specificity and Conformational Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physicist’s guide to one of biotechnology’s hottest new topics: CRISPR-Cas

Bonomo

Deem

2018

Phys. Biol.

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“…This raises an intriguing question as to whether the same Cmr system can also mediate RNA interference. Furthermore, as P. furiosus and S. solfataricus carry several active CRISPR systems (reviewed in ( 59 , 60 )), in vivo RNA interference by a III-B Cmr system has not yet been demonstrated unambiguously in any organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An archaeal CRISPR type III-B system exhibiting distinctive RNA targeting features and mediating dual RNA and DNA interference

Peng

Mao

Feng

et al. 2014

Nucleic Acids Research

147

168

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CRISPR-Cas systems provide a small RNA-based mechanism to defend against invasive genetic elements in archaea and bacteria. To investigate the in vivo mechanism of RNA interference by two type III-B systems (Cmr-α and Cmr-β) in Sulfolobus islandicus, a genetic assay was developed using plasmids carrying an artificial mini-CRISPR (AC) locus with a single spacer. After pAC plasmids were introduced into different strains, Northern analyses confirmed that mature crRNAs were produced from the plasmid-borne CRISPR loci, which then guided gene silencing to target gene expression. Spacer mutagenesis identified a trinucleotide sequence in the 3′-region of crRNA that was crucial for RNA interference. Studying mutants lacking Cmr-α or Cmr-β system showed that each Cmr complex exhibited RNA interference. Strikingly, these analyses further revealed that the two Cmr systems displayed distinctive interference features. Whereas Cmr-β complexes targeted transcripts and could be recycled in RNA cleavage, Cmr-α complexes probably targeted nascent RNA transcripts and remained associated with the substrate. Moreover, Cmr-β exhibited much stronger RNA cleavage activity than Cmr-α. Since we previously showed that S. islandicus Cmr-α mediated transcription-dependent DNA interference, the Cmr-α constitutes the first CRISPR system exhibiting dual targeting of RNA and DNA.

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“…Members of the crenarchaeal order Sulfolobales are infected by a range of viruses exhibiting very diverse morphologies and genomes (Prangishvili et al, 2006;Pina et al, 2011), and they generally exhibit multiple CRISPR-Cas systems, primarily of types I-A and III-B (Vestergaard et al, 2014). A few species, including Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 and Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A, have been established for laboratory studies because they can host a range of diverse viruses and are readily cultured and manipulated genetically (reviewed in Manica and Schleper, 2013;Garrett et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome changes in STSV2‐infected Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A undergoing continuous CRISPR spacer acquisition

León‐Sobrino

Kot

Garrett

2015

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryA transcriptome study was performed on Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A actively undergoing CRISPR spacer acquisition from the crenarchaeal monocaudavirus STSV2 in rich and basal media over a 6 day period. Spacer acquisition preceded strong host growth retardation, altered transcriptional activity of four different CRISPR-Cas modules and changes in viral copy numbers, and with significant differences in the two media. Transcript levels of proteins involved in the cell cycle were reduced, whereas those of DNA replication, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation and some antitoxin-toxin pairs and transposases were unchanged or enhanced. Antisense RNAs were implicated in the transcriptional regulation of adaptation and interference modules of the type I-A CRISPR-Cas system, and evidence was found for the occurrence of functional co-ordination between the single CRISPRCas adaptation module and the functionally diverse interference modules.

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CRISPR-mediated defense mechanisms in the hyperthermophilic archaeal genusSulfolobus

Cited by 23 publications

References 85 publications

The physicist’s guide to one of biotechnology’s hottest new topics: CRISPR-Cas

The physicist’s guide to one of biotechnology’s hottest new topics: CRISPR-Cas

An archaeal CRISPR type III-B system exhibiting distinctive RNA targeting features and mediating dual RNA and DNA interference

Transcriptome changes in STSV2‐infected Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A undergoing continuous CRISPR spacer acquisition

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