Criteria and Outcome of C. S. D. Foster Home and Residential Placements of Court-referred Adolescents

Dickey, Joan

doi:10.15760/etd.1919

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Possible factors that can cause changes in viscosity include phase transition, changes in chemical composition, molecularity of the products, compressive volume change, and the intensity, normal stresses, and duration of external stress such as shear forces, temperature, and pressure. − The formation of intermediates and HTL products during the application of heat can affect the viscosity of the final products formed due to the changes in the physicochemical composition of the compounds. Additionally, products obtained from the HTL of mixtures of macromolecules adversely affect the slurry viscosity due to the synergistic and antagonistic effects of the mixtures, which affect biocrude yield under HTL conditions. , Agitation of the biomass slurry during HTL increases the shearing force on the reacting slurry and this can greatly influence the viscosity of the HTL product . The changes in viscosity may differ from one macromolecule to the other due to the difference in the compositions and molecularity of the compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Variation of Model Compounds during Hydrothermal Liquefaction under Subcritical Conditions of Water

Edifor

Nguyen

Eyk

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Recent assessments in waste-to-energy technologies highlight hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) as a suitable process for converting organic-rich waste with high moisture content into a useful resource. Organic waste materials, including sewage sludge, food, and agricultural waste residues, typically contain lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and lignin with varying compositions depending on their origin. Fluid properties of reacting HTL slurries under subcritical water conditions, particularly viscosity and density, affect material flow and heat transfer in both batch and continuous HTL process systems. Real-time viscosity variations of 20 wt % water slurries of model compounds, sunflower oil, sucrose, and soy protein were determined in a stirred tank batch reactor using the Metzner−Otto method. Measured torque on the impeller shaft at a fixed impeller speed was used to determine the changes in the viscosity of the reacting slurry at different reaction temperatures. Changes in the viscosity of the sunflower oil mixture were insignificant as compared to viscosity variations with sugar-and soy protein-derived feedstock. The viscosity of the soy protein solution decreased rapidly with the temperature during hydrolysis of polypeptides into amino acids between 25 and 100 °C. Further increase in the temperature led to minimal changes in viscosity as more soluble compounds were produced above 100 °C. The viscosity of the sucrose solution changed significantly above 250 °C when carbon compounds precipitated from the solution. Viscosity variations of mixtures of model compounds were determined to predict viscosity changes in biomass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Variation of Model Compounds during Hydrothermal Liquefaction under Subcritical Conditions of Water

Edifor

Nguyen

Eyk

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Many studies report the following limited dependence of turbulent blend time on liquid level to tank diameter ratio ( Z / T ) for vessels agitated by a single impeller:

t_{normalb} \propto {(Z / T)}^{0.5}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of liquid level and agitator pumping direction on turbulent blend times

Myers

Jones

Janz³

et al. 2013

Can J Chem Eng

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With the impeller placed low in the tank (C/T ¼ 1/3), turbulent blend times produced by radial-flow and down-pumping axial-flow impellers generally increase slowly with increasing liquid level in shorter batches (Z/T < 1), but increase dramatically in taller batches (Z/T > 1). The turbulent blend times produced by up-pumping axial-flow impellers increase slowly with increasing liquid level across the entire spectrum of liquid levels that were studied (up to Z/T ¼ 1.75). This can lead to down-pumping blend times that are twice as long as those with up-pumping operation. These differences can be explained by differences in the velocity field in the agitated vessel. Further, the down-pumping mode can produce blend times in tall tanks that are comparable to those of the up-pumping mode if the down-pumping impeller is placed high in the batch such that its discharge flow is directed into the bulk of the liquid.

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“…in the error term. In these cases, the covariance matrix estimators of the previous section will yield biased estimates of the matrix ft.A general purpose estimator of ft as defined in(7) can be obtained non-parametrically using a kernel. Take a positive semi-definite kernel window w(.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Are Seasonal Patterns Constant Over Time? A Test for Seasonal Stability

Canova,

Hansen

2005

Readings in Unobserved Components Models

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The study of seasonal fluctuations has a long history in the analysis of economic time series. Traditionally, seasonal fluctuations have been considered a nuisance that obscures, the more important components of the series (presumably the growth and cyclical components; e.g., see Burns and Mitchell 1946), and seasonal adjustment procedures have been devised and implemented to eliminate seasonality (Shiskin, Young, and Musgrave 1967). This view dominated applied time series econometrics until quite recently. In the past few years a new view- point has emerged. Seasonal fluctuations are not necessarily a nuisance, but they are an integral part of economic data and should not be ignored or obscured in the analysis of economic models. Contributors to this view include Ghysels (1988), Barsky and Miron (1989), Braun and Evans (1990), Chattarjee and Ravikumar (1992), and Hansen and Sargent (1993).

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Criteria and Outcome of C. S. D. Foster Home and Residential Placements of Court-referred Adolescents

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Viscosity Variation of Model Compounds during Hydrothermal Liquefaction under Subcritical Conditions of Water

Viscosity Variation of Model Compounds during Hydrothermal Liquefaction under Subcritical Conditions of Water

Effect of liquid level and agitator pumping direction on turbulent blend times

Are Seasonal Patterns Constant Over Time? A Test for Seasonal Stability

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