Criteria for selection of target materials and design of high-efficiency-release targets for radioactive ion beam generation

Fabrication of mesoporous and high specific surface area lanthanum carbide–carbon nanotube composites

“…ISOL (Isotope separator on line) facilities to produce radioactive ion beams are gaining significant interest world-wide because of the widespread possibilities they offer to extend our knowledge concerning the structure of the atomic nucleus, the formation of the stars, of the heavy-elements and the processes that govern the universe [1].…”

Lanthanum carbide-based porous materials from carburization of lanthanum oxide and lanthanum oxalate mixtures

“…Facilities that make use of isotope separator on-line (ISOL) for the production of radioactive ion beams (RIB) are gaining significant interest worldwide, mainly because they offer unique opportunities to further extend our knowledge about the structure of the atomic nucleus, the formation processes of the stars and of the heavy-elements [1]. Many facilities have been built worldwide in the last decade (i.e.…”

High-efficiency target-ion sources for RIB generation

“…In cases where the ionizer is made of a compound (e.g., negative-surface ionization sources equipped with LaB 6 ionizers), the end of the transport tube must be kept below the thermal dissociation temperature of the ionizer material. Therefore, in order to minimize delay times due to diffusion and thereby maximize RIB intensities, careful attention must be given in selecting the most appropriate and most refractory production target materials and in engineering their design so that they meet the dimensional and high permeability criteria for fast diffusion release and transport through the target material [6,7]. Equal attention must be paid to the selection of materials of construction for the target material reservoir and vapor transport system while optimally coupling the system to the ion source in order to minimize effusiveflow times from the target to the ion source.…”

“…Direct negative-ion formation also avoids losses related to the charge-exchange process required to convert initially positive-ion beams to negative polarity as required for postacceleration with the 25-MV tandem accelerator. Although the source was conceived specifically for the generation of 56 Ni, it can be employed for the generation of several other long-lived species such as 7 Be and 18 F. The source is mounted in a vacuum envelope specifically designed for remote installation/removal with the robot controlled radiation handling system used for installing/removing conventional modular high temperature sources routinely used for RIB generation. The source features an eightposition, water-cooled target wheel that can be remotely indexed from the ORIC production position into the Cssputter position.…”

“…A multi-sample (eight), remotely indexable, Cssputter negative-ion source equipped with a fiber optic remotely indexable target changing mechanism, has also been specifically designed for batch-mode processing of 7 Be for future nuclear-astrophysics experiments [23]. The source also utilizes a conical geometry, W-surface ionizer.…”