Criteria to assess the degree of endangerment of livestock breeds in Europe

Gandini, G.; Ollivier, Louis; Danell, B.; Distl, O.; Georgoudis, A.; Groeneveld, Eildert; Martyniuk, E.; Arendonk, J.A.M. van; Woolliams, John

doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.08.001

Cited by 70 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Genetic diversity is only one of the motives for conserving a breed. There are many other reasons supporting the implementation of livestock preservation programs such as the cultural importance of the populations (Gandini and Villa, 2003), economical issues or the extinction probabilities of a given breed Gandini et al, 2004). Although the breed is the basic unit of conservation in livestock, genetic analyses may also highlight the possibility of implementing conservation strategies considering groups of breeds rather than single-isolated populations.…”

Section: Insights For Tuscan Cattle Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing priorities for conservation in Tuscan cattle breeds using microsatellites

Bozzi¹,

Álvarez

Crovetti³

et al. 2012

Animal

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Preservation of rare genetic stocks requires assessment of within-population genetic diversity and between-population differentiation to make inferences on their degree of uniqueness. A total of 194 Tuscan cattle (44 Calvana, 35 Chianina, 25 Garfagnina, 31 Maremmana, 31 Mucca Pisana and 28 Pontremolese) individuals were genotyped for 34 microsatellite markers. Moreover, 56 samples belonging to Argentinean Creole and Asturiana de la Montañ a cattle breeds were used as an outgroup. Genetic diversity was quantified in terms of molecular coancestry and allelic richness. STRUCTURE analyses showed that the Tuscan breeds have well-differentiated genetic backgrounds, except for the Calvana and Chianina breeds, which share the same genetic ancestry. The between-breed Nei's minimum distance (D m ) matrices showed that the pair Calvana-Chianina was less differentiated (0.049 6 0.006). The endangered Tuscan breeds (Calvana, Garfagnina, Mucca Pisana and Pontremolese) made null or negative contributions to diversity, except for the Mucca Pisana contribution to allelic richness (C T 5 1.8%). The Calvana breed made null or negative within-breed contributions (f¯W 5 0.0%; C W 5 20.4%). The Garfagnina and Pontremolese breeds made positive contributions to between-breed diversity but negative and high within-breed contributions, thus suggesting population bottleneck with allelic losses and increase of homozygosity in the population. Exclusion of the four endangered Tuscan cattle breeds did not result in losses in genetic diversity (f¯T 5 20.7%; C T 5 21.2%), whereas exclusion of the non-endangered breeds (Chianina and Maremmana) did (f¯T 5 2.1%; C T 5 3.9%); the simple exclusion of the Calvana breed from the former group led to losses in genetic diversity (f¯T 5 0.47%; C T 5 2.34%), indicating a diverse significance for this breed. We showed how quantifying both within-population diversity and between-population differentiation in terms of allelic frequencies and allelic richness provides different and complementary information on the genetic backgrounds assessed and may help to implement priorities and strategies for conservation in livestock.

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Section: Insights For Tuscan Cattle Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing priorities for conservation in Tuscan cattle breeds using microsatellites

Bozzi¹,

Álvarez

Crovetti³

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…Maintenance of N e at, or above, 50 to 100 is a principle of breed conservation (Meuwissen, 2009). Criteria for degree of endangerment of livestock breeds, in Europe, are discussed by Gandini et al (2004), and N e is only one of many variables to be taken into account in breed conservation (Verrier et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective population sizes in cattle, sheep, horses, pigs and goats estimated from census and herdbook data

Hall¹

2016

Animal

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Accurate measures of effective population sizes ( N e ) in livestock require good quality data and specialized skills for their computation and analysis. N e can be estimated by Wright's equation N e = 4MF/( M + F) (M, F being sires and dams, respectively), but this requires assumptions which are often not met. Total census sizes N c of livestock breeds are collated globally. This paper investigates whether estimates of N e can be made from N c ; this would facilitate conservation monitoring. Some N e methodologies avoid the assumptions of Wright's equation and permit measurement, rather than estimation, of N e . Those considered here employ, respectively, linkage disequilibrium (LD) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (yielding N e ( LD)), and genealogical analysis (rate of increase of inbreeding, DF), yielding N e (DF). Considering breeds of cattle, sheep, horses, pigs and goats for which N c and either N e ( LD) or N e ( DF) are known (totals of 203 breeds and 321 breeds, respectively), proportionality has been investigated between N c and these measures of N e . N e ( LD) was found to increase with N c , significantly in sheep and horses, less so in cattle, but not at all in pigs. N e ( DF) was correlated with log 10 ( N c ) in cattle, sheep and horses (53, 56, 43 breeds, respectively). N e ( LD) was correlated in cattle (73 breeds) and pigs (31 breeds) with the log 10 transformation of N e as calculated by Wright's equation.Further verification and refinement are needed, particularly of census data, but credible predictions of N e are obtainable by applying the following multipliers to log 10 ( N c ): cattle 17.61, sheep 97.72, horse 70.78. For cattle and pigs, multiplying log 10 ( N e (Wright)) by, respectively, 40.69 and 60.09, also gives credible predictions. Such census-based estimates of N e could in principle be generated by non-specialists and are likely to be suited to audits of conservation activity when financial resources or availability of data are limiting. The ratio N e /N c varied among species with an overall median value of 0.03, less than a tenth of that typically observed in wild mammals. Characteristics were also investigated of a distinct herdbook-based methodology, namely the development of Wright's equation to take into account variances of progeny numbers to yield what has been termed here N e (Hill). Comparison of these values with N e (Wright) could help to identify breeds with breeding structures conducive or inimical to genetic conservation. However, N e (Hill) requires breed-specific values for these variances, and this restricts its applicability.

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“…Such time series are required to investigate patterns in population dynamics and extinction probabilities as it is done by BENNEWITZ and MEUWISSEN (2005). A "long" time series of population data is needed also for development of a uniform criterion for assessing the degree of endangerment of breed, as done by GANDINI et al (2004) and Translations and Data Synchronization: National databases may contain textual descriptions in one or more of the National languages. However, data to be send to the Global database must be in one of the official FAO languages -English, French, Spanish, Arabic or Chinese.…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the monitoring of animal genetic resources on National and International level

Duchev

Groeneveld²

2006

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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The Farm Animal Biodiversity Network (FABISnet) is a new biodiversity network for collecting domestic animal breeds data from the European countries. Data are collected on National, Regional and Global level and can be automatically transferred between the levels. As a successor of the Animal Genetic Data Bank of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP-AGDB) and the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), it has taken their historic data and integrated them in a network of databases. However, the data are incomplete. For example the general description of 57% of the registered European breeds are very sparse and for more than 3900 breeds the population size and structure statistics are outdated. A set of 13 management support reports and a methodology for their application has been developed. The reports present summarized information about the degree of completeness of the breeds descriptions by country, missing or incomplete population records, reminders for updating data and the status of data translation. Various monitoring/reporting tasks of the National and Regional Coordinators for management of animal genetic resources can be organized in a systematic manner using these reports. Such an organizational scheme can reduce the time spent in completing data and improve the content of each database in the network.

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Criteria to assess the degree of endangerment of livestock breeds in Europe

Cited by 70 publications

References 15 publications

Assessing priorities for conservation in Tuscan cattle breeds using microsatellites

Assessing priorities for conservation in Tuscan cattle breeds using microsatellites

Effective population sizes in cattle, sheep, horses, pigs and goats estimated from census and herdbook data

Improving the monitoring of animal genetic resources on National and International level

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