Criterion validity and accuracy of global positioning satellite and data logging devices for wheelchair tennis court movement

Abstract

Sampling frequencies of 1 Hz are too low to accurately measure distance and speed during wheelchair tennis. GPS units with a higher sampling rate should be advocated in further studies. Modifications to existing DL devices may be required to increase measurement precision. Further research into the validity of movement devices during match play will further inform the demands and movement patterns associated with wheelchair tennis.

Validity of activity monitors in wheelchair users: A systematic review

“…The specifications of each device are shown in Appendix 2. Of the 29 articles selected, 6 studies evaluated commercially available monitors with default algorithms for quantifying PA in MWUs [24][25][26][27][28][29] (Appendix 3), 15 evaluated commercially available monitors with custom algorithms [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] (Appendix 4), and 10 evaluated custom-made devices and algorithms [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] (Appendix 5). These activity monitors could be categorized into three types: accelerometer-based, multisensor-based, and others (gyroscope-or HR-based).…”

“…Among the 29 articles, 14 investigated accelerometer-based monitors (1 uniaxial [38] and 13 triaxial [26,[32][33][39][40][41][42][46][47][48][49][50][51]), 9 evaluated multisensor-based devices [24][25][28][29]31,[34][35][36][37], 1 evaluated a gyroscope-based monitor [44], and 5 evaluated combinations of any 2 of the 3 types [27,30,43,45]. Among all articles, 19 included only MWUs with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) [24,[26][27][28][29]31,[33][34][35][36][37][40][41][43][44]46,[50][51][52]; 7 included MWUs with a mix of diagnoses, including SCI, amputation, congenital bone disorder, complex regional pain syndrome, CharcotMarie-Tooth disease, demyelinating disease, dystonia, fib...…”

“…The majority of the studies were conducted in a structured laboratory environment. Six studies were conducted in semistructured settings (i.e., the National Veterans Wheelchair Games [47,52]), outpatient care facilities [24], and unstructured environments (i.e., home and a tennis or basketball court [24][25][26]45,52]). …”

“…The energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalent, and HR indexes were frequently reported outcome measures for quantifying the energy cost of PA. Of the 29 selected studies, 14 quantified PA in terms of energy cost [24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][37][38]50]. Six of the studies reported distance traveled, speed (linear and/or angular), absolute angle of rotation, and number of wheel revolutions as measures of wheelchair movements [36,[44][45][46][48][49]. Eleven of the studies reported propulsion frequency, propulsion force, upper-limb activity counts, duration of user movement, and types of activities as the measures of user movements [24][25][26]34,36,38,43,[46][47][48]51].…”

Development and evaluation of a gyroscope-based wheel rotation monitor for manual wheelchair users

“…However, laboratory tests have shown that this method could underestimate speeds when a wheelchair travels at speeds greater than 2.5 m/s (5.6 miles per hour). 15 Our observation of the problem with the existing devices at higher speeds has led us to design and develop a gyroscope based G-WRM that can capture a range of speeds from wheelchair propulsion to handcycling.…”