Critical advances for the iron molten air battery: a new lowest temperature, rechargeable, ternary electrolyte domain

Liu, Shuzhi; Li, Xin; Cui, Baochen; Liu, Xianjun; Hao, Yulan; Guo, Qi; Xu, Peiqiang; Licht, Stuart

doi:10.1039/c5ta06069a

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Such performance characteristics of MIB closely resemble supercapbatteries. [20,21] This is another advantage of the MIB compared to other electrochemical energy storage devices. Note that the surface area of negative electrode in the MIB is far less than that of carbon-basede lectrodes in supercapbatteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many base metalsi ncluding iron, tin, and bismuth can be activateda th igh temperatures and thus utilized to lower the battery cost. [19][20][21] In at ypical MAB, fast iron redox reactions in molten Li 2 CO 3 were proposed as battery reactions for energy storagea nd conversion,w ith a high theoretical specific energy of 1400 Wh kg À1 and energy density of 10 000 Wh L À1 .O fp articulari mportance is that the moltens alts in MAB have the capabilityt od issolve metal oxides. For instance, the high-temperature iron-oxide battery explorest he iron redox reactions in as olid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) structure throughaH 2 /H 2 Om ediator, which performs higherd ischarge capacities in comparison with room-temperature iron-oxygenb atteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18] In such batteries, metal oxidesc an easily form at the interface between the metal and solid electrolyte,w hich impedesi on conductivity.A nother type of hightemperature metal-oxygen battery is the so called molten air battery (MAB),w hich can use base metals for fast multiple electron charget ransfer in molten salts. [19][20][21] In at ypical MAB, fast iron redox reactions in molten Li 2 CO 3 were proposed as battery reactions for energy storagea nd conversion,w ith a high theoretical specific energy of 1400 Wh kg À1 and energy density of 10 000 Wh L À1 .O fp articulari mportance is that the moltens alts in MAB have the capabilityt od issolve metal oxides. Herein, we propose and demonstrate al ow-cost, rechargeable high-temperaturem olten salt iron-oxygen battery (MIB) with ab i-phase electrolyte of molten carbonate and solid oxide, which merges the merits of SOFC and MAB to promote battery reactions and achieveh ighe nergy and power density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

et al. 2018

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The energy and power density of conventional batteries are far lower than their theoretical expectations, primarily because of slow reaction kinetics that are often observed under ambient conditions. Here we describe a low-cost and high-temperature rechargeable iron-oxygen battery containing a bi-phase electrolyte of molten carbonate and solid oxide. This new design merges the merits of a solid-oxide fuel cell and molten metal-air battery, offering significantly improved battery reaction kinetics and power capability without compromising the energy capacity. The as-fabricated battery prototype can be charged at high current density, and exhibits excellent stability and security in the highly charged state. It typically exhibits specific energy, specific power, energy density, and power density of 129.1 Wh kg , 2.8 kW kg , 388.1 Wh L , and 21.0 kW L , respectively, based on the mass and volume of the molten salt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

et al. 2018

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“…Our group proposed that the reactions in the iron molten air battery are represented using Equation , including Equation showing the dissolution of Fe 2 O 3 by Li 2 O or Na 2 O to form LiFeO 2 or NaFeO 2 , followed by quasi‐reversible charge–discharge of LiFeO 2 or NaFeO 2 to iron, as shown in Equation

1 / 2 {Fe}_{2} {normalO}_{3} ⇌ Fe + 3 / 4 {normalO}_{2}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the three‐electron oxidation of iron, the theoretical specific energy density of iron molten air batteries is 1440 A h kg −1 . However, our previous attempts have demonstrated that one of the biggest challenges facing practical applications is the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Amorphous MnO₂/Lithiated NiO Nanosheet Array as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Iron Molten Air Batteries

et al. 2019

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Iron molten air battery is considered one of the promising batteries in next‐generation energy storage due to high theoretical specific energy density, cost efficiency, and environment‐friendly merits. Herein, an amorphous MnO2/lithiated NiO nanosheet array is grown directly on a highly conductive nickel foam substrate to use as a bifunctional electrocatalyst in iron molten air batteries. The advantages of the nanosheet array structure are having more highly exposed active sites for electrochemical reactions, as well as a conductive stable 3D framework for allowing barrier‐free diffusion and transport of ions and oxygen gas. As a result, the amorphous MnO2/lithiated NiO nanosheet array exhibits a promising catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction with a voltage gap of only 0.29 V. The as‐assembled iron molten air battery shows an impressive rechargeability with the highest coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% through 200 cycles with an average discharge potential of ≈1.14 V at 500 °C. Moreover, the cell has a high rate response up to 6.7 C with a discharge voltage of above 0.9 V. The study achieves critical advances for iron molten air batteries without the use of precious metals in contrast with previous results using the Pd‐based catalyst.

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Electrocatalysis of Rechargeable Non‐Lithium Metal–Air Batteries

Zhao

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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As the critical component for rechargeable metal-air batteries, bifunctional catalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are under the intensive investigation for different systems. [1] Noble metals and their alloys are first introduced for metal-air batteries, especially for the good ORR performance of Pt. Later, nonprecious metal oxides and their composites are applied for their low price and comparable good catalytic performance. [21][22][23][24] Lately, various 3D structured and metalfree carbon catalysts are developed for their large specific surface area, good corrosion resistance, high stability, and low price. [25][26][27][28] In general, nanocrystals and complex nanostructures represent a world of new possibilities and exciting opportunities. Their morphologies and composition are highly tunable and controllable, which can expose different facets and cause different atomic arrangements on the surface, leading to the enhanced ORR and/or OER performance. Meanwhile, soluble catalysts are also very important in Li-/Na-air battery systems. So far, ethyl viologen redox couple, halide anions, aromatic compounds, quiones/quinoids, and transition metal complexes have been successfully applied in metal-air systems, where the battery shows much improved battery cyclic life and smaller overpotential. [29,30] In respect of the rapid growth of investigations, we summarize the recent progress of secondary non-lithium metal-air batteries, discuss the important issues of electrochemical reactions and bifunctional catalysts. Future perspectives are offered in the end, which should shed light on further research and design of bifunctional catalysts for secondary metal-air batteries. This mini review is organized in the following sequence: Na-air battery, Zn-air battery, and others like K-/Mg-air batteries. Sodium-Air BatteriesRecently, the substitution of lithium by sodium has been a promising solution to surpass Li-air limitations of high price, lower Coulombic efficiency, and large overpotential. [31][32][33][34] During the typical electrochemical process of Na-air battery, the sodium metal is oxidized and sodium ions migrate across the organic/ organic-aqueous electrolyte. After oxygen dissolving in the regions of electrolyte near cathode, superoxide species (O 2 − ) are generated, where sodium superoxide is then formed as the discharge product. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] The schematic diagram of a typical Na-air Rechargeable metal-air batteries show great promise in replacing conventional batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and infinite oxygen fuel from air. Rechargeable non-Li-air batteries display the benefits of low price, high Coulombic efficiency, and small overpotential. Whereas in the case of Li-air batteries, the occurring electrocatalysis is intensively investigated, the situation is much less studied in the case of non-lithium metal-air batteries. In this progress report, recent developments of secondary non-lithium metal-air batteries are su...

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Critical advances for the iron molten air battery: a new lowest temperature, rechargeable, ternary electrolyte domain

Abstract: The iron molten air battery cycled stably at 500 °C for 60 cycles using cost effective nickel and steel electrodes and KCl–LiCl–LiOH eutectic electrolyte with added NaOH.

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

An Amorphous MnO₂/Lithiated NiO Nanosheet Array as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Iron Molten Air Batteries

Electrocatalysis of Rechargeable Non‐Lithium Metal–Air Batteries

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Critical advances for the iron molten air battery: a new lowest temperature, rechargeable, ternary electrolyte domain

Abstract: The iron molten air battery cycled stably at 500 °C for 60 cycles using cost effective nickel and steel electrodes and KCl–LiCl–LiOH eutectic electrolyte with added NaOH.

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

An Amorphous MnO2/Lithiated NiO Nanosheet Array as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Iron Molten Air Batteries

Electrocatalysis of Rechargeable Non‐Lithium Metal–Air Batteries

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An Amorphous MnO₂/Lithiated NiO Nanosheet Array as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Iron Molten Air Batteries