Critical applications of scandium and progress in the extraction of different scandium resources

Abstract

Scandium can used in unique electronic or alloying materials such as aluminum-scandium alloys, magnesia-scandium alloys, laser glasses, superconductors and electronic components. However, there is no single scandium mine in the world. Scandium is usually associated with other minerals and is found in very low amounts. Therefore, it is very difficult to obtain scandium and it is of great significance to explore the appropriate extraction process for the production of scandium. This paper highlights key applications of scandium, resource characterization, and production advances with less polluting. It provides environmentally friendly methods for improve scandium product recovery, and optimize the existing process.