Critical Assessment 39: Effects of applied fields during annealing of metals – a review

Abstract

There have been many, sometimes conflicting, reports over the years as to how the annealing of cold-worked metals may be affected in the presence of applied fields. The annealing phenomena considered here are recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth. Practical significance relates to the kinetics of these processes and the microstructures and textures that result after these heat treatments. The externally applied ‘fields’ considered here are magnetic fields, electric fields, electric currents and mechanical (elastic) loading. The literature considered relates specifically to metals, both ferrous and non-ferrous. Attempts are made to identify consistent behaviours. In some cases, the variability of observations does not permit this. However, reasonably firm conclusions are possible in some circumstances.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Cu3Sn/Cu Interfacial Diffusion Mechanism under Electrothermal Coupling

“…Based on the electron theory, vacancies in a pure metal possess a negative charge, and a lattice defect represents a form of static electrical energy resulting from a thin layer of negative charge that screens positive charges. In the interface system of electrothermal coupling, perturbations in the electric state readily occur at defect sites [26,27]. An external electric field can lower the activation energy of vacancies or boundaries, and the electronegative vacancies diffuse toward the surface and then annihilate.…”

“…cur at defect sites [26,27]. An external electric field can lower the activation energy o cancies or boundaries, and the electronegative vacancies diffuse toward the surface then annihilate.…”

Formation of L10 Ordering in FeNi by Mechanical Alloying and Field-Assisted Heat Treatment: Synchrotron XRD Studies

“… 32 Also, earlier researchers have found that application of magnetic and electric fields during heat treatment can accelerate the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformation. 41 , 42 In the present work, dual drive planetary ball mill (DDPBM) is used for mechanical alloying of Fe and Ni powders for different durations (6–12 h). Eventually, the effect of heat treatment in magnetic field was studied for the formation of L1 0 ordering in milled FeNi powder.…”