Abstract. -In recent analytical work, Biskup et al. (Europhys. Lett., 60 (2002) 21) studied the behaviour of d-dimensional finite-volume liquid-vapour systems at a fixed excess δN of particles above the ambient gas density. By identifying a dimensionless parameter Δ(δN ) and a universal constant Δc(d), they showed in the limit of large system sizes that for Δ < Δc the excess is absorbed in the background ("evaporated" system), while for Δ > Δc a droplet of the dense phase occurs ("condensed" system). Also the fraction λΔ of excess particles forming the droplet is given explicitly. Furthermore, they argue that the same is true for solid-gas systems. By making use of the well-known equivalence of the lattice-gas picture with the spin-(1/2) Ising model, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model with nearest-neighbour couplings on a square lattice with periodic boundary conditions at fixed magnetisation, corresponding to a fixed particles excess. To test the applicability of the analytical results to much smaller, practically accessible system sizes, we measured the largest minority droplet, corresponding to the solid phase, at various system sizes (L = 40, . . . , 640). Using analytic values for the spontaneous magnetisation m0, the susceptibility χ and the Wulff interfacial free energy density τW for the infinite system, we were able to determine λΔ numerically in very good agreement with the theoretical prediction.Introduction. -The formation and dissolution of equilibrium droplets at a first-order phase transition is one of the longstanding problems in statistical mechanics [1]. Quantities of particular interest are the size and free energy of a "critical droplet" that needs to be formed before the decay of the metastable state via homogeneous nucleation can start. For large but finite systems, this is signalised by a cusp in the probability density of the order parameter φ towards the phase-coexistence region as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 for the example of the twodimensional (2D) Ising model, where φ = m is the magnetisation. This "transition point" separates an "evaporated" phase with many very small bubbles of the "wrong" phase around the peak at φ 0 from the "condensed phase" phase, in which a large droplet has formed; for configuration snapshots see fig. 3. The droplet eventually grows further towards φ = 0 until it