“…Foxon, 2013;Geels et al, 2016a;Turnheim et al, 2015). From this, transitions studies have shown that transition pathways: are not comprised of one dominant pattern (e.g., niche-driven change) but rather involve a plurality of possibilities and cascading interactions that can manifest in vastly different directions of change (Geels and Schot, 2007;Smith et al, 2005); are deeply temporal as they involve sequences of choices (around institutional and technological arrangements, in particular) and consequences over many rounds of action that branch in different directions (Foxon et al, 2013;Rosenbloom et al, 2018a); and, embody processes of both continuity and discontinuity -they exhibit path dependent features but also allow for path creation opportunities (Geels et al, 2016b). Pathways, in this view, concern "decision making at critical points" (Foxon et al, 2013, p. 156) and "event-chains and rounds of moves and counter-moves" (Geels et al, 2016b, p. 898), particularly with respect to key sites of contestation (e.g., institutional and infrastructural commitments around climate and energy).…”