Critical Clinical Events and Resilience Among Emergency Nurses in 3 Trauma Hospital-Based Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abu-Alhaija, Dania; Gillespie, Gordon Lee

doi:10.1016/j.jen.2022.05.001

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Work-related stress is any adverse physical or psychological reaction to overwhelming job requirements that exceed the worker's ability to adapt [ 25 ]. According to the American Psychological Association, being constantly exposed to work-related stress has adverse effects on individuals' mental and physical well-being and can contribute to different health disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the American Psychological Association, being constantly exposed to work-related stress has adverse effects on individuals' mental and physical well-being and can contribute to different health disorders. Emergency professionals are subjected to high-stress working environments as they must provide critical care for patients; their inability to provide quality care can sometimes have a negative psychological impact, increasing the risk of psychiatric and medical illnesses [ 5 , 25 ]. Based on our study, the highest reported psychiatric disorders among emergency staff were anxiety (19.3%) and mood disorders (11.1%), and the most common type of anxiety disorder was generalized anxiety disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Emergency Healthcare Workers: A Saudi Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Alshehri,

Alghamdi,

Alrashoudi

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disease characterized by exposure to threatened death or serious injury and directly experiencing or witnessing the event. Many healthcare professionals have had PTSD, but emergency physicians may be particularly susceptible. To our knowledge, no study has been performed in Saudi Arabia to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors of PTSD among emergency staff. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among emergency healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study will be conducted in emergency departments around Saudi Arabia in all regions. The study population will include healthcare workers in emergency departments who work and presently live in Saudi Arabia. The survey was divided into two sections. The first section focuses on the emergency personnel's demographic data; the second concentrates on screening for post-traumatic stress disorder using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Results: Our population included 519 emergency healthcare staff, including males (51.4%) and females (48.6%). Most emergency HCWs worked in the Ministry of Health Hospitals (58%). The highest diagnosed psychological disorders among emergency staff were anxiety (19.3%) and mood disorders (10.2%). The prevalence of PTSD among emergency workers in Saudi Arabia was 14.1%. The prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher among emergency HCWs who had chronic diseases, emergency workers with anxiety or mood disorders, emergency staff who were using psychiatric medication (p<0.001), and those with psychotic disorders (p=0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence of PTSD among emergency healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia is estimated to be 14.1%, and pre-existing mental illnesses are associated with a higher risk of PTSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Emergency Healthcare Workers: A Saudi Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Alshehri,

Alghamdi,

Alrashoudi

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…In the first stage, participants were asked to complete a survey using validated instruments to quantitatively measure clinical events (O’Connor & Jeavons, 2003) and resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003). Analysis and findings of this portion of the study have been previously published (Abu-Alhaija & Gillespie, 2022). Clinical events perceived as the most stressful to the participants were the sexual abuse of a child, death of a coworker, lack of responsiveness by health care professional during a serious situation, providing care to a coworker’s family member who is dying or in a serious condition, and death of a child.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emergency nurses are at risk for stress in a variety of situations, including disaster management (Wang et al, 2023), workplace violence (Li et al, 2019), patient deaths (Portoghese et al, 2021), and trauma care (Abu-Alhaija & Gillespie, 2022). Trauma nursing experiences have been associated with elevated cortisol levels, intrusive thoughts, arousal, and avoidance (Balters et al, 2020; Worku et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Coping in Emergency Nurses Following Trauma Patient Care: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Approach

Gillespie,

Meyer,

Daugherty

et al. 2024

Journal of Trauma Nursing

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BACKGROUND: Experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress may be the cost of caring for trauma patients. Emergency nurses caring for trauma patients are at risk for traumatic stress reactions. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the stress and coping behaviors experienced by emergency nurses who provide trauma care. METHODS: Focus groups were held at three urban trauma centers in the Midwestern United States: a Level I pediatric trauma center, a Level I adult trauma center, and a Level III adult trauma center. Data were collected between December 2009 and March 2010. Data analysis was guided by the principles of grounded theory. Line-by-line coding and constant comparative analysis techniques were used to identify recurring constructs. RESULTS: A total of 48 emergency nurses participated. Recurring constructs emerged in the data analysis and coding, revealing four major themes: care of the trauma patient, professional practice, personal life, and support. CONCLUSIONS: Nurse job engagement, burnout, and professional and personal relationships are influenced by trauma patient care. The study’s resulting themes of care of the trauma patient, professional practice, personal life, and support resulted in the development of the “trauma nursing is a continual experience theory” that can be used as a framework to address these effects. Intentional support and timely interventions based on this new theory can help mitigate the effects of traumatic stress experienced by trauma nurses.

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“…Although different measurement tools were used, studies reported moderate to upper levels of resilience in acute care nurses after exposure to workplace violence (Hsieh et al., 2016, 2017; Park & Song, 2023). This high level of resilience indicates that emergency nurses may use more spontaneous psychological strategies to cope with the stress caused by workplace violence, thereby affecting the development of psychological assistance in hospital institutions (Abu‐Alhaija & Gillespie, 2022). Many individual characteristics and environmental factors have been confirmed to be related to emergency nurses' resilience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived organizational support, self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal on resilience in emergency nurses who sustained workplace violence: A mediation analysis

Huang,

Su,

Liao

et al. 2023

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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AimsThe aims of this study were as follows: (a) to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience; (b) to investigate the potential mediating role of general self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence; and (c) to explore the application of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency department nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsFrom February 17, 2021, to March 8, 2021, 825 emergency nurses working in the emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China, completed an online survey. Data on resilience, organizational support, cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy were collected through questionnaires. The Spearman analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between variables, while the mediation analysis was conducted using AMOS 23.0 statistical software.ResultsThe findings of a study involving 825 emergency nurses who reported experiencing workplace violence reveal a positive correlation between perceived organizational support and resilience. Additionally, it has been observed that the relationship between these two factors is mediated by both cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy. Furthermore, the mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal is more significant in this relationship.ConclusionKumpfer's resilience framework is found to apply to emergency nurses. Perceived organizational support, an environmental factor, affects resilience directly and positively. In addition, cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy, which are individual factors, mediate this influence path. These findings suggest an interaction between environmental and individual factors in determining the resilience of emergency nurses.ImpactThese findings have implications for developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses exposed to occupational violence. Enhancing personal attributes such as general self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal is as significant as strengthening external organizational support environments for enhancing nurses' resilience.Patient or Public ContributionEmergency nurses participated in the pilot test of our questionnaire survey and gave their opinions on the questionnaire design.Summary StatementWhat is already known about the topic? In emergency rooms, workplace violence is prevalent, and it seriously endangers nurses' physical and mental health. Enhancing resilience can improve nurses' ability to self‐regulate after experiencing violence. However, the drivers and mechanisms of resilience among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence remain unidentified.What this paper adds? This study confirms the applicability of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence. Nurses' self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience after exposure to workplace violence. The resilience process for emergency nurses involves the interaction of individual and environmental factors.Implications for practice/policy. Managers and researchers should consider the interaction between individual and environmental factors when developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses who have suffered workplace violence. It is essential to support emergency nurses from the dyadic dimensions of the environment and the individual. A supportive organizational environment and individual positive adjustment strategies are equally important in promoting resilience among nurses.

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Critical Clinical Events and Resilience Among Emergency Nurses in 3 Trauma Hospital-Based Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Emergency Healthcare Workers: A Saudi Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Emergency Healthcare Workers: A Saudi Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Stress and Coping in Emergency Nurses Following Trauma Patient Care: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Approach

Perceived organizational support, self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal on resilience in emergency nurses who sustained workplace violence: A mediation analysis

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