Critical evaluation of commonly used methods to determine the concordance between sonography and magnetic resonance imaging: A comparative study

Warneke, Konstantin; Keiner, Michael; Lohmann, Lars H.; Brinkmann, Anna; Hein, Andreas; Schiemann, Stephan; Wirth, Klaus

doi:10.3389/fimag.2022.1039721

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sonography is the most used assessment to investigate hypertrophy effects because of its relatively low cost and time-efficiency, and is a valid and reliable procedure to investigate MTh and MCSA ( Mendis et al, 2010 ; Betz et al, 2021 ). Nevertheless, there are studies showing limitations of sonography especially because of subjective influence of pressure of the transducer and no real standardization ( Hebert et al, 2009 ; English et al, 2012 ; Warneke et al, 2022e ), which were confirmed in present study showing high %-SDs for changes in MTh of the control group. However, the ICC in the present study is very high for the obtained measures, providing confidence in the results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Sex differences in stretch-induced hypertrophy, maximal strength and flexibility gains

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: If the aim is to increase maximal strength (MSt) and muscle mass, resistance training (RT) is primarily used to achieve these outcomes. However, research indicates that long-duration stretching sessions of up to 2 h per day can also provide sufficient stimuli to induce muscle growth. In RT literature, sex-related differences in adaptations are widely discussed, however, there is a lack of evidence addressing the sex-related effects on MSt and muscle thickness (MTh) of longer duration stretch training. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of daily (1 h) unilateral static stretch training of the plantar flexors using a calf-muscle stretching device.Methods: Fifty-five healthy (m = 28, f = 27), active participants joined the study. MSt and range of motion (ROM) were measured with extended and flexed knee joint, and MTh was investigated in the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius.Results: Statistically significant increases in MSt of 6%–15% (p < .001–.049, d = 0.45–1.09), ROM of 6%–21% (p < .001–.037, d = 0.47–1.38) and MTh of 4%–14% (p < .001–.005, d = 0.46–0.72) from pre-to post-test were observed, considering both sexes and both legs. Furthermore, there was a significant higher increase in MSt, MTh and ROM in male participants. In both groups, participants showed more pronounced adaptations in MSt and ROM with an extended knee joint as well as MTh in the medial head of the gastrocnemius (p < .001–.047). Results for relative MSt increases showed a similar result (p < .001–.036, d = 0.48–1.03).Discussion: Results are in accordance with previous studies pointing out significant increases of MSt, MTh and ROM due to long duration static stretch training. Both sexes showed significant increases in listed parameters however, male participants showed superior increases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Sex differences in stretch-induced hypertrophy, maximal strength and flexibility gains

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, efforts were made to ensure an equal sex distribution, as well as training status. Furthermore, sonography for measuring hypertrophy should be interpreted critically (Warneke et al 2022d ), especially if using just one measurement point. It is recommended to apply more than one spot for measuring muscle thickness via sonography to increase validity (Nunes et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 8-weeks of supervised static stretching or resistance training of pectoral major muscles on maximal strength, muscle thickness and range of motion

Wohlann,

Warneke,

Kalder

et al. 2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Current research suggests static stretch-induced maximal strength increases and muscle hypertrophy with potential to substitute resistance-training routines. However, most studies investigated the plantar flexors. This study explored the effects of a static stretching program on maximal strength, hypertrophy and flexibility of the pectoralis major and compared the effects with those of traditional resistance training. Methods Eighty-one (81) active participants were allocated to either a static stretching, strength-training or control group. Pectoralis stretching was applied 15 min/day, 4 days per week for 8 weeks, while resistance training trained 3 days per week, 5 × 12 repetitions. Results There was an increase in all parameters (strength: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.313, muscle thickness: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.157–0.264, flexibility: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.316) and a time*group interaction (strength: p = 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.154, muscle thickness: p = 0.008–0.001, ƞ2 = 0.117–0.173, flexibility: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.267). Post-hoc testing showed no difference between both intervention groups regarding maximal strength and muscle thickness (p = 0.905–0.983, d = 0.036–0.087), while flexibility increased in the stretching group (p = 0.001, d = 0.789). Conclusion Stretching showed increases in maximal strength and hypertrophy, which were comparable with commonly used resistance training. Based on current literature, the influence of mechanical tension as the underlying mechanism is discussed. Furthermore, as equipment and comparatively long stretching durations are requested to induce meaningful strength increases in recreationally active participants, practical application seems limited to special circumstances.

show abstract

“…Investigation of Morphological Parameters. Since Warneke et al (43) pointed out limited objectivity and accuracy of sonography measurements to determine MTh, measuring of MCSA using the gold standard method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was included to the measurement procedure to confirm results from sonography. To maximize standardization, the posttest was performed at the same time of the day as the pretest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Long-Lasting Static Stretching Intervention on Functional and Morphological Parameters in the Plantar Flexors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Warneke

Keiner

Wohlann

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Warneke, K, Keiner, M, Wohlann, T, Lohmann, LH, Schmitt, T, Hillebrecht, M, Brinkmann, A, Hein, A, Wirth, K, and Schiemann, S. Influence of long-lasting static stretching intervention on functional and morphological parameters in the plantar flexors: a randomised controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1993–2001, 2023—Animal studies show that long-lasting stretching training can lead to significant hypertrophy and increases in maximal strength. Accordingly, previous human studies found significant improvements in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), flexibility, and muscle thickness (MTh) using constant angle long-lasting stretching. It was hypothesized that long-lasting stretching with high intensity will lead to sufficient mechanical tension to induce muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength gains. This study examined muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, 45 well-trained subjects (f: 17, m: 28, age: 27.7 ± 3.0 years, height: 180.8 ± 4.9 cm, mass: 80.4 ± 7.2 kg) were assigned to an intervention group (IG) that stretched the plantar flexors 6 × 10 minutes per day for 6 weeks or a control group (CG). Data analysis was performed using 2-way ANOVA. There was a significant Time × Group interaction in MVC (p < 0.001–0.019, ƞ2 = 0.158–0.223), flexibility (p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.338–0.446), MTh (p = 0.002–0.013, ƞ2 = 0.125–0.172), and MCSA (p = 0.003–0.014, ƞ2 = 0.143–0.197). Post hoc analysis showed significant increases in MVC (d = 0.64–0.76), flexibility (d = 0.85–1.12), MTh (d = 0.53–0.6), and MCSA (d = 0.16–0.3) in IG compared with CG, thus confirming previous results in well-trained subjects. Furthermore, this study improved the quality for the morphological examination by investigating both heads of the gastrocnemius with MRI and sonography. Because stretching can be used passively, an application in rehabilitation settings seems plausible, especially if no commonly used alternatives such as strength training are applicable.

show abstract

Critical evaluation of commonly used methods to determine the concordance between sonography and magnetic resonance imaging: A comparative study

Cited by 10 publications

References 86 publications

Sex differences in stretch-induced hypertrophy, maximal strength and flexibility gains

Sex differences in stretch-induced hypertrophy, maximal strength and flexibility gains

Influence of 8-weeks of supervised static stretching or resistance training of pectoral major muscles on maximal strength, muscle thickness and range of motion

Influence of Long-Lasting Static Stretching Intervention on Functional and Morphological Parameters in the Plantar Flexors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About