Critical Evaluation of Dichlorvos’ Breast Cancer Risk

Gandhi, Renu; Snedeker, Suzanne M.

doi:10.1080/08865140208629702

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The experiments were performed in a hemispherical reactor made of FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene) foil with a volume of approximately 204 m 3 . The FEP foil is highly transparent to sunlight, with a transmission greater than 75% over the wavelength range of 290-550 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Fate of Dichlorvos: Photolysis and OH-Initiated Oxidation Studies

Feigenbrugel

Person

Calvé

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The OH-initiated oxidation of dichlorvos (a widely used insecticide) has been investigated under atmospheric conditions at the large outdoor European photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. The rate constant of OH reaction with dichlorvos, k, was measured by using a conventional relative rate technique where 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and cyclohexane were taken as references. With the use of the rate constants of 5.67 x 10(-11) and of 6.97 x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for the reactions OH + TMB and OH + cyclohexane, respectively, the resulting value of the OH reaction rate constant with dichlorvos was derived to be k = (2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). The tropospheric lifetime of dichlorvos with respect to reaction with OH radical has been estimated to be around 11 h. The major carbon-containing products observed for the OH reaction with dichlorvos in air under sunlight condition were phosgene and carbon monoxide. The formation of a very stable toxic primary product such as phosgene associated with the relatively short lifetime of dichlorvos may make the use of this pesticide even more toxic for humans when released into the atmosphere.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annual production of dichlorvos was as high as 4.2 million pounds (lbs) in the late 1970s and fell to 992 000 lbs by 1989. More recent estimates are not available but are likely to be lower due to the many recent cancellations of its use (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Fate of Dichlorvos: Photolysis and OH-Initiated Oxidation Studies

Feigenbrugel

Person

Calvé

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…One study that used sufficient exposure time and large number of animals, 63 reported an increase in incidence of mammary gland fibroadenomas/adenomas (benign) in one of the two groups of female F344 rats that were fed dichlorvos. 64 Fenvalerate Use as a contact insecticide releases the compound directly to the environment in sprays, dusts, concentrates and other routes of application. 40 Consumer products include: pesticide products, landscaping/yard products, and pet care products.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemicals causing mammary gland tumors in animals signal new directions for epidemiology, chemicals testing, and risk assessment for breast cancer prevention

Rudel

Attfield

Schifano

et al. 2007

Cancer

184

191

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Identifying chemical carcinogens in animal studies is currently the primary means of anticipating cancer effects in humans. Animal studies to evaluate potential chemical carcinogenicity are particularly important for breast cancer because environmental and occupational epidemiologic research is sparse.Chemicals that increased mammary gland tumors in animal studies were compiled from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP), and other sources. Summary assessments of the carcinogenic potential for each chemical and potentially exposed populations were also compiled. In all, 216 chemicals were identified that have been associated with increases in mammary gland tumors in at least 1 study. These include industrial chemicals, chlorinated solvents, products of combustion, pesticides, dyes, radiation, drinking water disinfection byproducts, pharmaceuticals and hormones, natural products, and research chemicals. Twenty-nine are produced in the U.S. at >1 million pounds/year; 35 are air pollutants, 25 have involved occupational exposures to >5000 women, and 73 have been present in consumer products or as contaminants of food. Thus, exposure is widespread. Nearly all of the chemicals were mutagenic and most caused tumors in multiple organs and species; these characteristics are generally believed to indicate likely carcinogenicity in humans. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive list developed of animal mammary gland carcinogens and, along with associated data, is publicly available at URL: www.silentspring.org/sciencereview and at URL: www.komen. org/environment. Valuable information from cancer bioassays is not well utilized in risk assessment and regulatory processes, suggesting a need to strengthen chemicals testing and risk assessment as tools for breast cancer prevention.

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“…2 As a result, it is frequently used to eradicate pests including cockroaches, aphids, mosquitoes, caterpillars, and mushroom flies. 3 It has several negative effects on the human body, including cyanosis, paralysis, ataxia, convulsions, headaches, thorax constriction, dyspnoea, poor eyesight, ocular as well as dermal rawness, nasal congestion, queasiness, and diarrhoea. 4,5 Moreover, research reports have shown that children are affected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by organophosphate metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%