Critical evaluation of recent achievements in low power glow discharge generated at atmospheric pressure between a flowing liquid cathode and a metallic anode for element analysis by optical emission spectrometry

Pohl, Paweł; Swiderski, Krzysztof; Dzimitrowicz, Anna; Leśniewicz, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.002

Cited by 71 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Despite unstable negative water ES discussed in the next section, a new application of water ES with negative corona discharge targets analytical emission spectroscopy of dissolved species in water, that can be analyzed through light emitted from the discharge after evaporation and plasma excitation of initially dissolved species (Pohl et al, 2017), as performed by ICP-AES in low pressure RF plasmas. Surface and Water bio-decontamination has been achieved using water ES with electrical discharges.…”

Section: Other Application Of Water Electrospray With Electrical Discmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on water electro-sprays and applications of charged drops with focus on the corona-assisted cone-jet mode for High Efficiency Air Filtration by wet electro-scrubbing of aerosols

Borra

2018

Journal of Aerosol Science

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 electrosprays is a continuous production process of self-dispersed unipolar droplets with monodisperse/unimodal size distributions (0.2 < d modal < 150 µm)  Applications of ES of aqueous solutions are reviewed with special attention for material production and bio-applications  Means to achieve steady water ES are presented with respect to electrical discharges in ambient air around the liquid cone and jet  Streamer discharges with transient and asymmetric space charges disrupt the EHD equilibrium for steady cone-jet mode, while the axisymmetric and quasi-stationary space charge is required to achieve steady water ES in the pulseless corona-assisted cone-jet mode  Empirical scaling laws of droplet properties are reminded for both steady water ES in cone-jet with a pulseless corona and without discharge  High filtration efficiencies of a lab-scale wet bipolar-scrubbers (>99%) supports that Water ES in corona-assisted cone-jet could be applied to low cost Air cleaning

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Section: Other Application Of Water Electrospray With Electrical Discmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on water electro-sprays and applications of charged drops with focus on the corona-assisted cone-jet mode for High Efficiency Air Filtration by wet electro-scrubbing of aerosols

Borra

2018

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“… 4 , 5 To meet the demands of in-field analysis, development of miniaturized and portable OES systems has already aroused great attention. 2 , 3 , 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 − 13 After that, in order to obtain miniaturized plasma sources, reduce the sample consumption, enhance discharge stability, and improve the detectability and emission efficiency, several similar discharge devices were developed by different groups. 2 , 6 , 10 For example, Webb et al 14 − 16 reported a simplified device named solution cathode glow discharge (SCGD), which provided primarily a decrease in discharge volume (nearly 2 mm 3 ). With this new design, limits of detection (LODs) were greatly improved with most now in the ppb levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for the Analysis of Complex Water Samples with Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Zhang

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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A liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) was developed as a low-power and miniaturized excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) for the determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes. The discharge stability and parameter influencing the analytical performance of LCGD-AES were systematically examined. Moreover, the measurement results of water samples using LCGD-AES were verified by ion chromatography (IC). The results showed that the optimized operating parameters are a 660 V discharge voltage, pH = 1.0 HNO 3 as the supporting electrolyte, and a 4.0 mL min –1 solution flow rate. High concentrations of some metals may interfere with the detection of Ca and Mg. Low-molecular-weight organic substances do not have a remarkable enhancement on signal intensity. With the addition of 0.5% cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), the emission intensity of elements can enhance significantly. However, it is not used to further evaluate the analytical performance due to instability of plasma after adding CTAC. The maximum power of LCGD is 52 W. The limits of detection and precision (RSD, in 1 mg L –1 ) of K, Na, Ca, and Mg are 0.20, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 mg L –1 and 0.9, 1.5, 0.6, and 1.2%, respectively. The measurement results of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples by LCGD-AES are basically in agreement with the reference values measured by IC. The recovery of samples ranged from 84 to 113% except for Na, suggesting that the measurement results have high accuracy and reliability. All the results indicated that the LCGD-AES can provide an alternative analytical method for in situ, real-time, on-line determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes.

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“…Over the past two decades, electrolyte cathode atmospheric glow discharge (ELCAD) has received a rapid development [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ]. It is considered as one of the most promising alternative miniaturized excitation sources with potential advantages of commercial and analytical success of the plasma sources (i.e., ICP), because it is more compact and is a portable instrument with lower energy consumption (<75 W) and needs no special sample introduction system like a spray chamber and a nebulizer to transport the analytes to the analytical zone [ 2 , 3 , 7 ]. Also, for ELCAD, the analyte is directly introduced to the plasma without the use of nebulizer, which results in reduced memory effects and avoids the problem of deposits blocking the system [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these indicated that miniaturized and/or portable apparatus may be the most fruitful applications of ELCAD. Besides, the detectability, discharge stability, and emission efficiency are also improved [ 3 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Sensitivity Determination of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in Salt Mines Samples by Atomic Emission Spectrometry with a Miniaturized Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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An atomic emission spectrometer (AES) based on a novel atmospheric pressure liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) as one of the most promising miniaturized excitation sources has been developed, in which the glow discharge is produced between a needle-like Pt anode and the electrolyte (as cathode) overflowing from a quartz capillary. Lower energy consumption (<50 W) and higher excitation efficiency can be realized by point discharge of the needle-like Pt. The miniaturized LCGD seems particularly well suited to rapid and high-sensitivity determination of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in salt mines samples. The optimized analytical conditions of LCGD-AES were pH = 1 with HNO3 as electrolyte, 650 V discharge voltage, and 3 mL min−1 solution flow rate. The limits of detections (LODs) of K, Ca, Na, and Mg were 0.390, 0.054, 0.048, and 0.032 mg L−1, respectively. Measurement results of the LCGD-AES are in good agreement with the comparison value obtained by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ion chromatography (IC). All results suggested that the developed portable analytical instrument can be used for on-site and real-time monitoring of metal elements in field with further improvement.

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Critical evaluation of recent achievements in low power glow discharge generated at atmospheric pressure between a flowing liquid cathode and a metallic anode for element analysis by optical emission spectrometry

Cited by 71 publications

References 81 publications

Review on water electro-sprays and applications of charged drops with focus on the corona-assisted cone-jet mode for High Efficiency Air Filtration by wet electro-scrubbing of aerosols

Review on water electro-sprays and applications of charged drops with focus on the corona-assisted cone-jet mode for High Efficiency Air Filtration by wet electro-scrubbing of aerosols

Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for the Analysis of Complex Water Samples with Atomic Emission Spectrometry

High-Sensitivity Determination of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in Salt Mines Samples by Atomic Emission Spectrometry with a Miniaturized Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge

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