Critical Illness, Gastrointestinal Complications, and Medication Therapy during Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adult Patients

Abstract

Critically ill patients who are subjected to high stress or with severe injury can rapidly break down their body protein and energy stores. Unless adequate nutrition is provided, malnutrition and protein wasting may occur, which can negatively affect patient outcome. Enteral nutrition (EN) is the mainstay of nutrition support therapy in patients with a functional gastrointestinal (GI) tract who cannot take adequate oral nutrition. EN in critically ill patients provides the benefits of maintaining gut functionality, integrity, and immunity as well as decreasing infectious complications. However, the ability to provide timely and adequate EN to critically ill patients is often hindered by GI motility disorders and complications associated with EN. This paper reviews the GI complications and intolerances associated with EN in critically ill patients and provides recommendations for their prevention and treatment. It also addresses the role of commonly used medications in the intensive care unit and their impact on GI motility and EN delivery.

Yoğun Bakim Hastalarinda Enteral Ve Parenteral Nütrisyon

“…Yoğun bakım hastaları protein-enerji malnütrisyo-nuna girmeye oldukça yatkın bir hasta grubudur ve bu durum nozokomiyal infeksiyon ve multipl organ yetmezliği gibi komplikasyonlara yol açarak hem yoğun bakımda kalış süresinin uzamasına, hemde morbidite ve mortalitede artışa neden olmaktadır (1)(2)(3). Bu nedenle nütrisyon desteği yoğun bakım tedavisinin rutin bir gerekliliktir ve yoğun bakım hastalarında beslenme yetersizliklerinden korunulması ve tedavi edilmesinde hayati bir role sahiptir (2,3).…”

“…Bu nedenle nütrisyon desteği yoğun bakım tedavisinin rutin bir gerekliliktir ve yoğun bakım hastalarında beslenme yetersizliklerinden korunulması ve tedavi edilmesinde hayati bir role sahiptir (2,3).…”

Monitoring and optimising outcomes of survivors of critical illness

“…During the episode of critical illness the risk of malnutrition is increased because of significant metabolic changes occurring in critical illness that result in hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism (Btaiche et al, 2010). As critical illness resolves and patients are extubated and resume oral intake, malnutrition can result because of decreased nutrition intake (Peterson et al, 2010).…”

Malnutrition in Long-term Hospitalized Patients

“…Enteral nutrition offers many advantages when compared to parenteral nutrition. These are the normalization of enteral nutrition intestinal functions in a shorter time, having lower risk of infection, being more suitable for human physiology, its easier application, being cheaper than parenteral nutrition, less occurrence of metabolic and septic complications, lower mortality and morbidity rates, applicable with fewer personnel and being ready to use [16][17][18] . However, nutrition tolerance of the patient (e.g.…”