Social theory and the analysis of spatiality have a long and rich history. Building on earlier traditions such as Marxism, feminism, and humanistic geography, this article addresses the major lines of conceptual thought in human geography in the early twenty-first century. It encompasses the discipline's major theoretical constructs under the broad umbrella of social constructivism and political economy, largely based on the work of Foucault. These precepts serve as a guide to the role and impacts of various forms of social theory in the analysis of multiple topics, including cultural geography, critical political geography, economic geography, the geographies of cyberspace, critical cartography, and GIS, and the social construction of nature.