Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and crisis groups: A review of the literature

Wollman, David A.

doi:10.1007/bf01427816

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although it is not clearly understood why some people develop PTSD and others do not (Braverman, 1992), PTSD has been recognized as a unique disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals of Mental Disorders since 1980 (American Psychiatric Association, 1980Association, , 1987Association, , 1994. Officers are at risk for PTSD not only through direct experience of a critical incident but also as first-responders to victims of critical incidents through vicarious exposure to trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accident scene) (Wollman, 1993). Recent research on traumatic exposure in both combat (Hoge et al, 2004) and natural disasters (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2005) documents progressive reactions to traumatic events: from combat (or operational) stress that occurs during the event to acute stress disorder that occurs 2 to 4 days after exposure to acute PTSD that occurs between 1 and 3 months after the event to chronic PTSD that is identified 3 months or longer after the event.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Police Leadership to Recognize and Address Operational Stress

et al. 2008

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A community-based agency developed training for Cleveland Police Department Lieutenants and Supervisory Sergeants. This training adapted current methods used by the U.S. Army to deal with military combat stress. Police leaders were trained to recognize signs of operational stress in their line officers and provide “Leader Actions” to minimize long-term sequelae of operational stress, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, absenteeism, resignation, and misconduct. Laminated pocket cards were provided which summarized warning signs of operational stress, self-care and partner-care actions, and leader strategies to treat early signs of operational stress. Based on focus groups with police supervisors, an incentive system was developed and implemented to reward officers seeking help or assisting other officers in managing operational stress, which could change the culture of keeping silent about problems and remove the stigma attached to help seeking. Eighty-three police supervisors have been trained, with plans to provide further training to district (precinct) commanders.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Police Leadership to Recognize and Address Operational Stress

et al. 2008

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“…CISM is a comprehensive, multicomponent crisis intervention model. It is a psycho-educational model whose interventions range from the pre-crisis phase through the acute crisis phase and into the post-crisis phase (Flannerly and Everly, 2000;Wollman, 1993). CISM employs strategies such as one-on-one interventions, critical incident stress defusings, debriefings and demobilizations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crises in Rural America: Critical Incidents, Trauma and Disasters.

Doherty¹

2004

Traumatology

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Crises in the form of individual events, critical incidents and disasters occur in rural and frontier areas of America just as they do elsewhere. They do have effects on people, and events elsewhere have effects as well. These may occur vicariously (e.g. video reports and pictures from September 11 or hostages in Iraq) and/or they may happen to family, friends or colleagues. This paper outlines some of the crises that can, and do, occur in rural areas. It discusses the crises of war, suicide, school problems, domestic violence, vicarious trauma and disasters (e.g., fires, floods, earthquakes, technological disasters, hurricanes and tornadoes and their effects in rural environments. The roles and activities of different rural responders are briefly addressed.

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“…C ritical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) has gained increased attention among mental health providers as a viable intervention for survivors of traumatic events (Jenkins, 1996;Matthews, 1998;McWhirter & Linzer, 1994;O'Hara, Taylor, & Simpson, 1994;Robinson, Sigman, & Wilson, 1997;Sewell, 1993;Spitzer & Neely, 1992;Talbot, Manton, & Dunn, 1992;Vernacchia, Reardon, & Templin, 1997;Wollman, 1993;Yule & Canterbury, 1994). Despite such attention, there exists a paucity of information related to the use of CISD by family counselors.…”

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confidence: 99%