“…There was very little empirical research on urban school-university partnership effectiveness. Much of the existing literature offers documentary accounts of program models (Walker & Downey, 2012), the development of the partnerships (Borrero, 2010), or "lessons learned" regarding the implementation of partnerships (Chu, Carroll, Flores, & French, 2011;Ledoux & McHenry, 2008;Leslie, 2011). Although implementation descriptions, personal narratives, and lessons learned are helpful to others, the lack of empirical data-qualitative and quantitative-in this area presents challenges for scholars and practitioners to develop, replicate, or strengthen partnerships.…”