Critical involvement of circular RNAs in virus-associated cancers

Zebardast, Arghavan; Latifi, Tayebeh; Shirzad, Moein; Goodarzi, Golnaz; Fana, Saeed Ebrahimi; Tehrani, Sadra Samavarchi; Yahyapour, Yousef

doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.009

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Transgenic models showed that various proteins from these viruses, including the HBV‐encoded X protein, the HCV‐encoded nonstructural protein, and the HTLV‐I encoded Tax, can initiate oncogenic transformation 94,95 . HPV is primarily detected in skin and mucosa‐associated cancers 96 . The oncoproteins encoded by the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes are important factors leading to cervical epithelial carcinogenesis, and the combination of these two proteins with the intracellular oncoproteins p53 and pRb can markedly alter the cellular growth cycle and DNA repair, which consequently leads to genomic instability 97 .…”

Section: Microbiota and Tumorigenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 94 , 95 HPV is primarily detected in skin and mucosa‐associated cancers. 96 The oncoproteins encoded by the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes are important factors leading to cervical epithelial carcinogenesis, and the combination of these two proteins with the intracellular oncoproteins p53 and pRb can markedly alter the cellular growth cycle and DNA repair, which consequently leads to genomic instability. 97 EBV, also known as HHV4, was the first human tumor virus to be discovered.…”

Section: Microbiota and Tumorigenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Chen,

Guan,

Wang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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The diverse bacterial populations within the symbiotic microbiota play a pivotal role in both health and disease. Microbiota modulates critical aspects of tumor biology including cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This regulation occurs through mechanisms like enhancing genomic damage, hindering gene repair, activating aberrant cell signaling pathways, influencing tumor cell metabolism, promoting revascularization, and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. These microbiota‐mediated effects significantly impact overall survival and the recurrence of tumors after surgery by affecting the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, leveraging the microbiota for the development of biovectors, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, in addition to utilizing antibiotics, dietary adjustments, defensins, oncolytic virotherapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation, offers promising alternatives for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, due to the extensive and diverse nature of the microbiota, along with tumor heterogeneity, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of microbiota in cancer remain a subject of intense debate. In this context, we refocus on various cancers, delving into the molecular signaling pathways associated with the microbiota and its derivatives, the reshaping of the tumor microenvironmental matrix, and the impact on tolerance to tumor treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This exploration aims to shed light on novel perspectives and potential applications in the field.

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Section: Microbiota and Tumorigenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiota and Tumorigenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Chen,

Guan,

Wang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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“…The exceptional stability and specificity of both host and viral circRNAs according to cell type and developmental stage make them highly promising as effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for diseases associated with viruses. Furthermore, the presence of viral circRNAs in transplanted organs or tissues can be used to monitor transplant recipients for the development of transplant-related complications [ 85 ]. The presence of viral circRNAs indicates a greater likelihood of virus-related illnesses.…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Circrnas: As Biomarkers Rna-base...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory circular RNAs in viral diseases: applications in diagnosis and therapy

Wang,

Sun,

Huang

et al. 2023

RNA Biology

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Circular RNA (circRNA) forms closed loops via back-splicing in precursor mRNA, resisting exonuclease degradation. In higher eukaryotes, protein-coding genes create circRNAs through exon back-splicing. Unlike mRNAs, circRNAs possess unique production and structural traits, bestowing distinct cellular functions and biomedical potential. In this review, we explore the pivotal roles of viral circRNAs and associated RNA in various biological processes. Analysing the interactions between viral circRNA and host cellular machinery yields fresh insights into antiviral immunity, catalysing the development of potential therapeutics. Furthermore, circRNAs serve as enduring biomarkers in viral diseases due to their stable translation within specific tissues. Additionally, a deeper understanding of translational circRNA could expedite the establishment of circRNA-based expression platforms, meeting the rising demand for broad-spectrum viral vaccines. We also highlight the applications of circular RNA in biomarker studies as well as circRNA-based therapeutics. Prospectively, we expect a technological revolution in combating viral infections using circRNA.

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“…Others involve regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, replicative immortality, and tumour growth at later stages. 6 Oncolytic viruses implicated in cancer, whether through direct or indirect carcinogenesis, are characterised by the following criteria: viral infection as a significant risk factor based on epidemiological studies, detectable and persistent viral DNA in tumour samples, growth-promoting effects of viral genes in model systems, and the requirement of continuous viral oncogene expression or host gene alteration for the development of a malignant phenotype. 7,8 New findings have shown that oncoviruses can selectively interact with host cell circular RNAs (circRNAs), representing a form of host gene alteration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some oncoviruses act during the early stages of carcinogenesis, initiating tumour formation through genetic events. Others involve regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, replicative immortality, and tumour growth at later stages 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hijacking and rewiring of host CircRNA/miRNA/mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks by oncoviruses during development of viral cancers

Kamali,

Salehi,

Mostafavi

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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A significant portion of human cancers are caused by oncoviruses (12%–25%). Oncoviruses employ various strategies to promote their replication and induce tumourigenesis in host cells, one of which involves modifying the gene expression patterns of the host cells, leading to the rewiring of genes and resulting in significant changes in cellular processes and signalling pathways. In recent studies, a specific mode of gene regulation known as circular RNA (circRNA)‐mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks has emerged as a key player in this context. CircRNAs, a class of non‐coding RNA molecules, can interact with other RNA molecules, such as mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), through a process known as ceRNA crosstalk. This interaction occurs when circRNAs, acting as sponges, sequester miRNAs, thereby preventing them from binding to their target mRNAs and modulating their expression. By rewiring the host cell genome, oncoviruses have the ability to manipulate the expression and activity of circRNAs, thereby influencing the ceRNA networks that can profoundly impact cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. This review focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of the latest findings on the involvement of virus‐induced reprogramming of host circRNA‐mediated ceRNA networks in the development and pathophysiology of human viral cancers, including cervical cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Understanding these mechanisms can improve our knowledge of how oncoviruses contribute to human tumourigenesis and identify potential targets for developing optimised therapies and diagnostic tools for viral cancers.

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Critical involvement of circular RNAs in virus-associated cancers

Cited by 6 publications

References 139 publications

Microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Regulatory circular RNAs in viral diseases: applications in diagnosis and therapy

Hijacking and rewiring of host CircRNA/miRNA/mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks by oncoviruses during development of viral cancers

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