Critical Needs for Ship Maneuverability: Lessons From the Houston Ship Channel Full-Scale Maneuvering Trials

Abstract

"I think the architects and engineers that design ships for the sea, where they spend 99% of their time, forget that at some point they still have to get up the ditches to load or discharge their cargo. Someday when a high-profile accident does occur, ship builders might even be brought into the civil arena and found criminally negligent and liable for building underpowered and poor handling ships."A pilot's view The Standards for Ship Maneuverability approved by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2002 represent a significant step forward in ensuring adequate maneuverability of ships. The Standards provide numerical criteria for assessing the adequacy of maneuverability in deep, unrestricted water at sea speed. Explanatory notes to the Standards provide useful guidelines to the assessment and validation process that help with various issues, such as adjusting full-scale trial results for environmental and loading conditions. Major issues exist, however. In question is the ability of the standards to ensure adequate maneuverability in shallow, restricted, and congested waterways under vessel meeting and passing conditions with the interaction effects, bank suction, and other situations that are encountered in normal port, harbor, and waterway operations. Historically, even in shallow water that is unrestricted, only a couple of ship trials have ever been conducted due to the great cost to prepare for such tests. The lack of accurate full-scale data has seriously limited the accuracy capable of being built into mathematical prediction models. Recently, however, revolutionary positioning technology has enabled collecting highly accurate track and vertical position data on ships operating in shallow and restricted water, with and without interacting ship traffic. Accurate mathematical modeling of ship operations in complex harbors and waterways has become a critical need, and now the possibility of advancing the science finally exists. With accurate full-scale trials data and improved prediction techniques, such as computational fluid dynamics, such ability now seems attainable.

Refinement of Norrbin Model via Correlations between Dimensionless Cross-Flow Coefficient and Hydrodynamic Derivatives

“…Ship maneuverability, also referred to as ship motion performance, is a vital factor in maritime operations, serving as a key indicator that impacts ship design and the advancement of the international shipping industry. In 2002, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) embraced the Ship Maneuverability Standard Resolution MSC.137(76) [1], laying out essential criteria that ships are required to adhere to [2]. Without regard to the influence of the navigation environment, that is, the water and the depth of the water are not limited [3], the IMO Ship Maneuverability Standard evaluates a ship's maneuverability based on six key properties: inherent stability [4], direction keeping, redirection, bow-rocking suppression [5], gyration, and stopping [6].…”