Critical physicochemical attributes of chitosan nanoparticles admixed lactose-PEG 3000 microparticles in pulmonary inhalation

Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities

“…Higher %DD chitosan may indicate a stronger protonation of the -NH 2 moiety leading to stronger molecular repulsion, which made the chitosan polymer chain stretch larger and resulted in a larger particle size [17], while a lower MW might not translate into smaller nanoparticles due to a reduced chain entanglement tendency [17]. Higher MW chitosan chains may be able to entangle with each other into more compact particles than those of lower MW chitosan [19].…”

“…The reduction in zeta potential of chitosan nanoparticles prepared from higher MW chitosan might be a reason for the lower %DD when compared to that of lower MW chitosan with higher %DD [19].…”

“…Chitosan-based nanoparticles are commonly obtained by ionic gelation using the multivalent ion tripolyphosphate (TPP) [14][15][16] which possesses a large number of lone-pair electrons and high binding power with materials with empty orbitals [14]. Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of %DD, and MW of chitosan on the characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles [9,[17][18][19][20], such as particle size [17,19,20], zeta potential [17,19,20], and crystalline structure [19]. The crystalline structure of chitosan is strongly dependent on its deacetylation process, as well as its chitin polymorphic form [1,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

Choice of nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of cancer therapeutics

“…Dry powder inhaler mediates inhalation with the airflow created by the user directing through a drug powder thus generating inhalable dry powder aerosol. The late evaluation of inhalation profiles of liquid and solid nanotherapeutics from nebulizer and dry powder inhaler, respectively, shows that the percentages of therapeutic inhaled are generally lower with dry powder inhalation than liquid nebulization by more than two folds [6,7].…”

“…Recent studies indicate that the blending of solid nanocarrier with solid microparticles (<5 µm) through the surface adsorption phenomenon may negate the abovementioned shortfalls [6]. The microparticles serve as the pulmonary vehicle of nanocarrier, and the detachment of nanocarrier from microparticles in lung renders drug/nanocarrier being freely deposited at the deep or peripheral lung.…”