Critical points of metal vapors

The Wide-Range Method to Construct the Entire Coexistence Liquid–Gas Curve and to Determine the Critical Parameters of Metals

“…It is a relatively small value, as far as the density is changed over 3 orders of magnitude for the considered temperature range. The CP position given in ref 33 overestimates T c in comparison with the experimental data.…”

On metal-dielectric transition in laser ablation modeling

“…One dimensional temperature distribution in laser irradiated condensed matter located at z  z 0  0 is described with the heat conduction equation (1) where T, χ, C, α, I, z 0 are temperature, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, absorption coefficient, absorbed intensity and irradiated surface position respectively. In (1) hydrodynamic movement is not taken into account, the approximation being applicable to some extent for sufficiently short laser pulses and for the cases when heat expansion can be neglected.…”

“…Laser-matter interaction gives possibility to obtain rather high temperature and pressure values which include values of liquid-vapor critical parameters for any element. However critical parameters of most metals remain badly known and this fact is mentioned in many papers [1][2][3][4]. From [1] it follows that the difference between critical pressure values for Al in scientific literature is about an order of magnitude.…”

Atomistic modeling of the critical region of copper using a liquid-vapor coexistence curve

“…Due to the difficulty of conducting experiments at high temperatures, the critical point and binodal parameters were obtained only for a small amount of substances, which include alkali metals and mercury, which have relatively low temperature characteristics [6][7][8][9][10][11]. For other materials, there are only theoretical estimates within the framework of various models, among which phenomenological methods [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and atomistic modeling methods [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] stand out.…”

“…Estimates obtained from semiempirical equations of state are also widely used [20,22,23]. In [18], a method was proposed for calculating the parameters of critical points and the binodal of a vaporliquid (dielectricmetal) transition in metal vapors. The model is based on the assumption that cohesion, which determines the basic characteristics of metals under normal conditions, is also responsible for the properties of metals in the vicinity of the critical point.…”