Critical power, W′ and W′ reconstitution in women and men

Bourgois, Gil; Mucci, Patrick; Boone, Jan; Colosio, Alessandro L.; Bourgois, Jan; Pogliaghi, Silvia; Caen, Kevin

doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05268-3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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Section: Muscles Over Motors and Classification Criteria Of Foot-powe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, it is observed that individually determined values of critical power, absolute and normalised to body mass, are lower in women compared with men (difference of about 20%). If the critical power of men and women is normalised to lean body mass, the difference is reduced to 15% [22]. However, the punctual performance of animated engines depends on various factors, including the human-machine interface, the number and type of muscles involved in the work, and the type and speed of contraction of the muscles.…”

Section: Muscles Over Motors and Classification Criteria Of Foot-powe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foot-Powered Machines, a Functional Taxonomy in the Age of Sustainability

Franco,

Marchis,

Pozzi

2023

Machines

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Since the Middle Ages, human-powered tools and machines have played an important role in societies. Prominent among these are pedal-powered machines, which harness the overall power from the strongest muscles in the human body. The article identifies a historical taxonomy of pedal-powered machines to provide designers with an orientation map for devising new solutions, suggesting some contexts in which today’s pedal-powered machines can re-purpose ancient mechanisms to perform an innovative function. The reduction in energy consumption, the low environmental impact, and the autonomy of the process, in fact, can represent not only a technical rediscovery of engineering, but also a new way of supporting human subsistence.

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Section: Muscles Over Motors and Classification Criteria Of Foot-powe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Muscles Over Motors and Classification Criteria Of Foot-powe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-Powered Machines, a Functional Taxonomy in the Age of Sustainability

Franco,

Marchis,

Pozzi

2023

Machines

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Females show less decline in contractile function than males after repeated all-out cycling

Yoon,

Cederbaum,

Côté

2024

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Females demonstrate greater fatigue resistance during a range of exercise modalities; however, this may be confounded by the lower mechanical work completed. Accordingly, this study examined the sex-specific peripheral and central fatigue mechanisms during repeated all-out cycling and whether they are affected by total mechanical work performed. 26 healthy young adults (12 females) performed 10 × 10 s all-out cycling interspersed by 30 s passive recovery. Metabolic responses, peripheral and central fatigue was quantified via changes in pre- to post-exercise blood lactate, potentiated quadriceps twitch force (and contractile properties) evoked via supramaximal electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve, and voluntary activation of the knee extensors, respectively. During exercise, mechanical work, vastus lateralis muscle activation (via surface electromyography, EMG) and deoxygenation (via near-infrared spectroscopy) were recorded. Sex comparison analyses were performed before and after statistically controlling for total mechanical work (via ANCOVA). Mechanical work and muscle activation plateaued at similar sprint repetition (sprint 5) and voluntary activation change (pre vs. post) was similar between the sexes. Females, however, showed lower percent work decrement (i.e., fatigability; P = 0.037) and peripheral responses as evident by lower reductions in quadriceps twitch force (P < 0.001), and muscle deoxygenation (P = 0.001). Adjusting for total mechanical work did not change these sex comparison results. We show that females’ greater fatigue resistance during repeated all-out cycling may not be attributed to the greater total mechanical work performed but could be mediated by lower peripheral fatigue in the knee extensor muscles.

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The influence of sex, hemoglobin mass, and skeletal muscle characteristics on cycling critical power

Caswell,

Tripp,

Kontro

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Critical power (CP) represents an important threshold for exercise performance and fatiguability. We sought to determine the extent to which sex, hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), and skeletal muscle characteristics influence CP. Prior to CP determination (i.e., 3-5 constant work rate trials to task failure), Hbmass and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (τ) were measured and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected from 12 females and 12 males matched for aerobic fitness relative to fat-free mass (mean (SD); V̇O2max: 59.2 (7.7) vs. 59.5 (7.1) mL·kg FFM-1·min-1, respectively). Males had a significantly greater CP than females in absolute units (225 (28) vs. 170 (43) W; p=0.001) but not relative to body mass (3.0 (0.6) vs. 2.7 (0.6) W·kg BM-1; p=0.267) or FFM (3.6 (0.7) vs. 3.7 (0.8) W·kg FFM-1; p=0.622). Males had significantly greater W′ (p ≤ 0.030) and greater Hbmass (p ≤ 0.016) than females, regardless of the normalization approach; however, there were no differences in mitochondrial protein content (p=0.375), τ (p=0.603), or MHC I proportionality (p=0.574) between males and females. Whether it was expressed in absolute or relative units, CP was positively correlated with Hbmass (0.444≤r≤0.695; p<0.05), mitochondrial protein content (0.413≤r≤0.708; p<0.05), and MHC I proportionality (0.506≤r≤0.585; p<0.05), and negatively correlated with τ when expressed in relative units only (-0.588≤r≤-0.527; p<0.05). Overall, CP was independent of sex but variability in CP was related to Hbmass and skeletal muscle characteristics. The extent to which manipulations in these physiological parameters influence CP warrants further investigation to better understand factors underpinning CP.

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Critical power, W′ and W′ reconstitution in women and men

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Foot-Powered Machines, a Functional Taxonomy in the Age of Sustainability

Foot-Powered Machines, a Functional Taxonomy in the Age of Sustainability

Females show less decline in contractile function than males after repeated all-out cycling

The influence of sex, hemoglobin mass, and skeletal muscle characteristics on cycling critical power

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