Critical prethermal discrete time crystal created by two-frequency driving

Beatrez, William; Fleckenstein, Christoph; Pillai, Arjun; Sanchez, Erica de Leon; Akkiraju, Amala; Alcala, Jesus Diaz; Conti, Sophie; Reshetikhin, Paul; Druga, Emanuel; Bukov, Marin; Ajoy, Ashok

doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01891-7

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, prethermal time crystals do require longrange interactions and low temperatures to meaningfully induce spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) [3]. Prethermal discrete time crystals (PDTC) have also been observed experimentally in quantum systems with high purity initial states due to low temperatures or hyperpolarization [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the explorations into out-of-equilibrium quantum systems have matured, many experimental platforms have demonstrated the emergence of time crystalline signatures under periodic driving. In addition to observations in small scale simulators such as ion traps [9] and superconducting qubits [11], time crystalline order has been observed in largescale devices such as dipolar NV ensembles [10,12] and solidstate NMR systems [13,14] (See [15] for a more complete list of recent theoretical and experimental progress across various systems).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of a Prethermal $U(1)$ Discrete Time Crystal

Stasiuk¹,

Cappellaro²

2023

Preprint

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A time crystal is a state of periodically driven matter which breaks discrete time translation symmetry. Time crystals have been demonstrated experimentally in various programmable quantum simulators and exemplify how non-equilibrium, driven quantum systems can exhibit intriguing and robust properties absent in systems at equilibrium. These robust driven states need to be stabilized by some mechanism, with the preeminent candidates being many-body localization and prethermalization. This introduces additional constraints that make it challenging to experimentally observe time crystallinity in naturally occurring systems. Recent theoretical work has developed the notion of prethermalization without temperature, expanding the class of time crystal systems to explain time crystalline observations at (or near) infinite temperature. In this work, we conclusively observe the emergence of a prethermal U (1) time crystalline state at quasi-infinite temperature in a solid-state NMR quantum emulator by verifying the requisites of prethermalization without temperature. In addition to observing the signature period-doubling behavior, we show the existence of a long-lived prethermal regime whose lifetime is significantly enhanced by strengthening an emergent U (1) conservation law. Not only do we measure this enhancement through the global magnetization, but we also exploit on-site disorder to measure local observables, ruling out the possibility of many-body localization and confirming the emergence of long-range correlations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of a Prethermal $U(1)$ Discrete Time Crystal

Stasiuk¹,

Cappellaro²

2023

Preprint

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“…Several different routes leading to discrete time translation symmetry breaking have been extensively studied, including many-body localization in the presence of strong disorder [10][11][12][13][14] and prethermalization, which does not rely on disorder [15][16][17][18][19][20]. The initial theoretical investigations led to many experimental realizations in different physical platforms such as trapped ions [21,22], solid-state spin ensembles [23][24][25][26][27], ultracold atoms [28,29], superconducting qubits [30][31][32][33], and magnons [34][35][36]. Apart from closed systems, there also exist studies of open, dissipative time crystals [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-crystalline behavior in central-spin models with Heisenberg interactions

et al. 2023

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Time-crystalline behavior has been predicted and observed in quantum central-spin systems with periodic driving and Ising interactions. Here, we theoretically show that it can also arise in central-spin systems with Heisenberg interactions. We present two methods to achieve this: application of a sufficiently large Zeeman splitting on the central spin compared to the satellite spins, or else by applying additional pulses to the central spin every Floquet period. In both cases, we show that the system exhibits a subharmonic response in spin magnetizations in the presence of disorder for both pure Heisenberg and XXZ interactions. Our results pertain to any XXZ central-spin system, including hyperfine-coupled electron-nuclear systems in quantum dots or color centers.

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“…Previously, DTC has attracted broad scientific interest as an exotic nonequilibrium matter [10][11][12][13], which extends the fundamental concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking to time translations [30,31]. Ergodicity breaking mechanisms of many-body localization (MBL) [7][8][9] and prethermalization [15,16] have been employed to induce time-crystalline dynamics of product states across a wide range of physical platforms [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. DTCs are also considered as potential candidates to accommodate GHZ states by their robust cat eigenstate pairs [10,41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating and controlling global Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement on quantum processors

Wang,

Bao,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states [1], also known as two-component Schr\"{o}dinger cats, play vital roles in the foundation of quantum physics and, more attractively, in future quantum technologies such as fault-tolerant quantum computation [2, 3]. Enlargement in size and coherent control of GHZ states are both crucial for harnessing entanglement in advanced computational tasks with practical advantages, which unfortunately pose tremendous challenges as GHZ states are vulnerable to noise [4, 5]. Here we propose a general strategy for creating, preserving, and manipulating large-scale GHZ entanglement, and demonstrate a series of experiments underlined by high-fidelity digital quantum circuits. For initialization, we employ a scalable protocol to create genuinely entangled GHZ states with up to 60 qubits, almost doubling the previous size record [6]. For protection, we take a new perspective on discrete time crystals (DTCs) [7–16], originally for exploring exotic nonequilibrium quantum matters, and embed a GHZ state into the eigenstates of a tailor-made cat scar DTC [17] to extend its lifetime. For manipulation, we switch the DTC eigenstates with in-situ quantum gates to modify the effectiveness of the GHZ protection. Our findings establish a viable path towards coherent operations on large-scale entanglement, and further highlight superconducting processors as a promising platform to explore nonequilibrium quantum matters and emerging applications.

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Critical prethermal discrete time crystal created by two-frequency driving

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Observation of a Prethermal $U(1)$ Discrete Time Crystal

Observation of a Prethermal $U(1)$ Discrete Time Crystal

Time-crystalline behavior in central-spin models with Heisenberg interactions

Creating and controlling global Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement on quantum processors

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