Critical Review of Selected Components of RIPD (Radiation-Induced Performance Decrement)

Abstract

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Active Dosimeter‐Based Estimate of Astronaut Acute Radiation Risk for Real‐Time Solar Energetic Particle Events

“…Such models can be used to analyze the experimental/empirical data and to gain insights to illustrate mechanisms of physiological alteration due to radiation exposure. In cases of nuclear warfare or radiation accidents, these models are particularly useful for military/civil and medical planners to predict the incidence of performance incapacitation and health effects, allowing more accurate estimations of time‐phased casualties, patient streams, and medical care requirements (Pellmar & Oldson, ). For future exploration spaceflights in deep space, the ground operational teams and flight surgeons would have similar interests in ARS management in case of severe SEPs, though casualty analysis may not be applicable.…”

Building Protection Against External Ionizing Fallout Radiation

“…9 In the nuclear power plant accident literature, some studies use the term protection factor to indicate other quantities. 10 Protection factors are also valid for scaling whole body exposures as used in the RIPD model [22]. 11 This recommendation is based on single, relatively low yield (~10 KT) nuclear detonation.…”

An Overview of the Technical Basis of HENRE 2.0 Models

“…The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the models in HENRE that includes the technical basis of the models, required inputs, outputs generated, important attributes, and known limitations of the models. This report does not cover the models included in RIPD 5.2 since its models have been described elsewhere , Baum 1984, Anno 1985, Anno 1989, Anno 1991, Anno 1994, Anno 1996, Jones 1996, Matheson 1998, Anno 2003) and the RIPD models as incorporated in HENRE have recently been reviewed (Pellmar 2012a), and documented (Oldson 2015).…”

“…Specifically, probability of lethality for prompt exposures is estimated using a probit model (Anno 2003), and this model is extended to protracted exposures by estimating an equivalent prompt dose based on a minimal cell count from a bone marrow cell kinetic model, MarCell (Jones 1996). These models have been reviewed and presented previously (Pellmar 2012a). The time to lethality predictions from radiation alone are based on empirical data that were fit according to SMEs and their knowledge of mortality observed after radiation accidents and from the experience in Nagasaki and Hiroshima.…”

“…The result was the Radiation-Induced Performance Decrement (RIPD) set of models, which were integrated into a software tool used for planning and scenario predictions for nuclear detonations (Matheson 1998). RIPD addressed a number of important needs for more accurate casualty estimation, including dose rate effects for protracted exposures from fallout and time course severity of clinical signs and symptoms (Pellmar 2012a). Briefly, the RIPD models estimate:…”