Critical review of the recovery rates of construction and demolition waste in the European Union – An analysis of influencing factors in selected EU countries

Moschen-Schimek, Julia; Kasper, Thomas; Huber-Humer, Marion

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.020

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The real density was considered using the mean of three replicas for each CDW sample. CDW-CM shows a real density of 2.31 ± 0.08 g/cm 3 , which is distinctively lower than that of CDW-CT, whose average is 2.45 ± 0.04 g/cm 3 . This difference reflects the different mineralogical and chemical compositions of the two waste samples.…”

Section: Real Densitymentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The results of the physical tests, namely density (ρ b and ρ m ), open porosity (OP) and water absorption (WA), including the mechanical strengths were listed in Table 3. The ρ m values of binders evidenced differences among them: VA-based geopolymers showed the highest values (~2.54 g/cm 3 ), followed by MK-based (~2.31 g/cm 3 ) and FA-based (~2.07 g/cm 3 ) ones. Conversely, a different trend was observed concerning ρ b , wherein VAbased binders still exhibited the highest values (~1.72 g/cm 3 ), but they were followed by FA-(~1.43 g/cm 3 ) and MK-based ones (~1.20 g/cm 3 , respectively).…”

Section: Physical Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Construction and demolition wastes (CDWs) represent a serious challenge for waste recycling in the frame of EU directives [1] and in view of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Agenda 2030 [2]. The European Commission established a recovery target of 70% under the Waste Framework Directive [3]. The challenge stems from the enormous amount of CDW materials produced every year and their mismanagement, whose amount from the construction sector in Europe is attested to be 37.5 wt.% [4] of the total waste (i.e., most important producer per capita), and an even higher production is recorded in China, the United States and India [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional Differences in Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDWs) for Geopolymer Mortars: A Comparative Study Using Different Precursors and Alkaline Reagents

Volpintesta,

Finocchiaro,

Barone

et al. 2024

Minerals

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In the view of the recycling and upscaling processes of waste materials, three different precursors, namely metakaolin, fly ash and volcanic ash, were mixed with Na- or K-silicate to produce binders aimed for the synthesis of geopolymer mortars based on construction and demolition wastes (CDWs). These later, used as aggregates in amount of 50 wt.%, were sampled in two geologically different Italian areas. A comparative study was carried out through a multidisciplinary approach using mineralogical–chemical analyses and physical–mechanical tests for the characterization of six binders and twelve mortars. The aim was to verify the effects of CDW interactions on binders as well as the extent of their compositional influences on the final properties. The chemical and mineralogical results evidenced strong compositional differences among the CDWs, differently influencing the physical–mechanical performances (i.e., compressive strength, density, water absorption and porosity) of the mortar samples. Regardless of the types of precursors and CDWs used, a better influence of K-silicate than sodium on the synthetised samples was observed. Furthermore, the higher versatility of metakaolin mortars with any type of CDW used was noted. Contrary, fly ash and volcanic ash mortars showed better properties with CDWs based on their high silica content and volcanic minerals. The study highlighted the critical roles of the CDW composition and precursor selection in mortar production. It confirmed that CDWs can be recycled for geopolymeric synthesis through proper characterisation and binder selection. Optimising these parameters allows for the successful integration of CDWs into geopolymeric materials. This process supports the advancement of a circular economy in the construction industry.

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Section: Real Densitymentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Physical Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional Differences in Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDWs) for Geopolymer Mortars: A Comparative Study Using Different Precursors and Alkaline Reagents

Volpintesta,

Finocchiaro,

Barone

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…As the European Commission defines it: "in a circular economy when a product reaches the end of its life cycle, it is re-used to create additional value" [3]. A study from 2018 found that 36% of the global energy consumption and 39% of the carbon dioxide generation can be attributed to the construction industry [4]. Thus, it could have a considerable positive impact by becoming more sustainable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessments of Plastering Mortars with Partial Replacement of Aggregates with Glass Waste

Vălean,

Manea,

Aciu

et al. 2024

Buildings

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The rising concern for the environment and the need for a sustainable economic model has stimulated experimentation in the field of construction materials, notably in replacing certain components from cementitious materials with construction and demolition waste. The main objective of this study is to replace a significant proportion of natural aggregates with glass waste, in the composition of plastering mortars, and to observe the evolution of physical–mechanical characteristics in the fresh state: apparent density, consistency, and segregation tendency, and in the hardened state: apparent density, flexural strength, compression strength, and adhesion to the substrate, across time, at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. SEM and EDX tests were also performed to observe the microscopical characteristics. The experimental program studied four types of plastering mortars: the reference mortar—CS IV, and three mortars in which aggregates have been replaced with glass waste in the following proportions, by mass: 15%, 30%, and 45%. Results obtained on fresh properties (apparent density and consistency) indicate a decrease in values as the percentage of glass increases, with the exception of the mortar with 30% aggregated glass replacement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength were improved by replacing 30% of the aggregates with glass waste and were not significantly impacted by a replacement of 15%. Mechanical properties decreased at a replacement level of 45%. All glass aggregate mortars had lower adhesion strength to the brick substrate than the reference mortar by up to 70%. SEM and EDX analyses showed the morphology of the studied mortars and the processes taking place to increase mechanical strength. Further research directions are proposed, including studying the glass particles, the occurrence of alkali–silica reactions, durability, and improvement of adhesion to the substrate, for progressing towards the most viable, locally sourced, waste-containing plastering mortar.

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“…The system was formerly linear, with sludge being produced and directed to the landfill. However, the current trend is shifting towards the concept of circular economy [7][8][9][10]. The internal or external reinsertion of materials into the production cycle is sought after, aiming to minimize deposition in the environment and consequently avoiding the generation of negative environmental impacts [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Drying of Sludge from a Steel-Wire-Drawing Industry

Matias Gonçalves,

Mendoza-Martinez,

Alves Rocha

et al. 2023

Energies

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Steel is a crucial industrial product with applications in various sectors, such as construction, engineering, and industry. However, the steel industry generates significant waste, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental challenges. To address this issue, incorporating solid waste, especially sludge with high moisture content, into the steel industry’s operations is essential. This study aimed to construct and test an active indirect solar dryer for reducing the moisture content of sludge from a steel drawing industry. By employing principles of the circular economy and the environmental, social, and governance concept, the drying process showed promising results, achieving approximately 42% moisture reduction. This study involved collection and characterization of industrial sludge, design and assembly of a hybrid active indirect solar dryer, fluid dynamic analysis of the behavior of the air inside the device through CFD Ansys software 2012, tests with a thermographic camera to validate the simulation, and optimization of the sludge drying by calculating the thermal efficiency and drying efficiency of the equipment. The adoption of such drying processes can lead to substantial cost reductions in the transportation, handling, and landfilling of steel-drawing sludge, promoting innovation and aiding global steel industries in achieving their solid waste disposal targets.

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Critical review of the recovery rates of construction and demolition waste in the European Union – An analysis of influencing factors in selected EU countries

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Compositional Differences in Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDWs) for Geopolymer Mortars: A Comparative Study Using Different Precursors and Alkaline Reagents

Compositional Differences in Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDWs) for Geopolymer Mortars: A Comparative Study Using Different Precursors and Alkaline Reagents

Performance Assessments of Plastering Mortars with Partial Replacement of Aggregates with Glass Waste

Solar Drying of Sludge from a Steel-Wire-Drawing Industry

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