Critical review on combustion phenomena of low carbon alcohols in SI engine with its challenges and future directions

Kumar, T. Sathish; Ashok, B.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111702

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Due to the poor flammability of ethanol and the comparatively high in-cylinder pressure and temperature produced by the rapid flame velocity, fuel mixes containing ethanol reduced hydrocarbon emissions. Because of the increased oxygen provided by the ethanol mixture, combustion is more complete and produces less HCs [22].…”

Section: Study On Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved portable generator performance with bio-ethanol fuel and its impact on bio-sustainability

Sri

Padmanabhan

Boopathi

et al. 2023

Environmental Research and Technology

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Clean air, renewable energy, climate change, safe environments, and the opportunity to live in a healthy community are just few of the many issues that fall under the umbrella of environmental sustainability. The creation of bioenergy and biomaterials has the potential to retain the energy-environment relationship while simultaneously fostering cleaner, lower-carbon settings. Scientists are investigating renewable energy sources like ethanol to enhance sustainability and the planet's health. Fuel ethanol is a feasible alternative to gasoline since it has a less carbon impact and higher energy density. This research summarises ethanol's potential as a bio-sustainable fuel option for portable generators in India. Bio-ethanol testing was done on a portable generator with an ethanol-gasoline blend, and the findings are presented in this study. Compared to using the standard gasoline, the results show increased thermal efficiency and decreased fuel usage. The results showed a decrease in both carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions.

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Section: Study On Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved portable generator performance with bio-ethanol fuel and its impact on bio-sustainability

Sri

Padmanabhan

Boopathi

et al. 2023

Environmental Research and Technology

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“…40 To ensure fuel flexibility, a few SI engine vehicular systems and their materials need to be changed to adopt FFE technology as shown in Figure 4 to extend the life of components and attain the maximum power output. The combustion process of FFE is almost similar to the conventional gasoline engine but the lookup tables (injection duration, ignition timing, etc) in EMS have to be varied based on the ethanol share F I G U R E 1 Merits and demerits of ethanol as a fuel [22][23][24] F I G U R E 2 Requirement of engine components modification in SI engine for different ranges of ethanol blends [28][29][30] automatically. 42 The spark timing must be calibrated and optimized for different ethanol blends along with the high-power density of the spark plug and battery.…”

Section: Flexible Fuel Engine Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Azhaganathan

Ashok

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Ethanol‐powered spark ignition (SI) engines have the potential to mitigate the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and exhaust emissions. However, the successful promotion of ethanol is hindered due to the restriction of fuel blend diversity and design features in the conventional SI engine. The fuel flexibility can be overcome by the use of flex‐fuel engine (FFE) technology with appropriate changes in engine design features for a wide range of ethanol blends. The understanding of FFE based on various technical aspects has greater potential in the automotive sector. Therefore, this review paper provides a holistic approach to critically analyze the various technical aspects of FFE. In this work, the application of ethanol blends on FFE output characteristics is reviewed critically considering the effects of engine operating conditions and parameters. Further, the impact of ethanol blends on material compatibility, cold starting characteristics, and unregulated emissions are analyzed. The outcome of the study shows that combustion and performance characteristics such as cylinder pressure(CP), heat release rate (HRR), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are improved in FFE operation due to the clean‐burning characteristics of ethanol blends. Also, carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased without any significant improvement in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions with a wide range of ethanol shares in FFE. Finally, this study summarizes the present status of research in FFE and creates a route towards the direction of multidisciplinary research need in the future that supports the application of different types of biofuels in FFE.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Among these products, higher alcohols (HA) have higher energy density and lower vapor pressure as well as can be used as a viable alternative to methanol, both as a fuel and as a fuel additive. [9][10][11] In addition, it is an important chemical raw material for the synthesis of various chemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, cosmetics, and preservatives. [4,8,[12][13][14][15] Conventionally, the production of HA in industry is currently dominated by food fermentation or hydration of petroleum-derived olefin (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support‐induced structural changes in CO₂ hydrogenation to higher alcohols over metal/oxide catalysts

Li,

Song,

Zhou

et al. 2024

ChemCatChem

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CO2 emissions have received a great deal of attention in recent years. The hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols (HA) by heterogeneous catalysis is a promising artificial carbon cycle pathway, which has important significance for mitigating energy and environmental problems. Among the heterogeneous catalysts, supported catalysts exhibit unique catalytic activity due to their abundance of surface‐tunable active sites such as oxygen vacancies, surface acidic/basic sites, and active hydroxyl groups. Given the complexity in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction networks, however, it is very challenging to reveal the nature and role of unique interfaces/sites induced by oxide support. Herein, we review the progress of several common oxide supports in the CO2 hydrogenation to HA over the last decades, and illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of the oxide‐induced synergy on the activation of intermediates and the C‐C coupling reactions. Based on this, we also discuss the present challenges associated with the HA synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation, as well as the thinking oriented on oxide support‐induced structure changes to improve the selectivity and productivity of HA.

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Critical review on combustion phenomena of low carbon alcohols in SI engine with its challenges and future directions

Cited by 30 publications

References 170 publications

Improved portable generator performance with bio-ethanol fuel and its impact on bio-sustainability

Improved portable generator performance with bio-ethanol fuel and its impact on bio-sustainability

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Support‐induced structural changes in CO₂ hydrogenation to higher alcohols over metal/oxide catalysts

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Critical review on combustion phenomena of low carbon alcohols in SI engine with its challenges and future directions

Cited by 30 publications

References 170 publications

Improved portable generator performance with bio-ethanol fuel and its impact on bio-sustainability

Improved portable generator performance with bio-ethanol fuel and its impact on bio-sustainability

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Support‐induced structural changes in CO2 hydrogenation to higher alcohols over metal/oxide catalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Support‐induced structural changes in CO₂ hydrogenation to higher alcohols over metal/oxide catalysts