Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Giuliani, Angela; Zuccarini, Mariachiara; Cichelli, Angelo; Khan, Haroon; Reale, Marcella

doi:10.3390/ijerph17165655

Cited by 246 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(321 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, for dairy and meat products, the higher the fat content, the higher the PAE concentration in the product. The stage of processing milk into dairy products exerted the greatest influence on the content [ 65 ]. No significant concentration of DEPH in meat was found in a study by Tsai et al in the Taiwanese population, specifically in samples of unpackaged pork and chicken.…”

Section: Phenols and Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function

et al. 2021

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According to the available data, environmental pollution is a serious problem all over the world. Between 2015 and 2016, pollution was responsible for approximately nine million deaths worldwide. They also include endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland. They are characterized by high persistence in the environment. These substances can enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, as well as contact with the skin and overcome the placental barrier. EDC can be found in food, water, and personal care products. They can get into food from the environment and as a result of their migration to food products and cosmetics from packaging. EDCs can disrupt the functioning of the thyroid gland through a number of mechanisms, including disrupting the activation of thyroid receptors and the expression of genes that are related to the metabolism, synthesis, and transport of thyroid hormones (HT). There is a need to strengthen the food safety policy that aimed at the use of appropriate materials in direct contact with food. At the same time, an important action is to reduce the production of all waste and, when possible, use biodegradable packaging, which may contribute to the improvement of the quality of the entire ecosystem and the health of food, thus reducing the risk of developing thyroid diseases.

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Section: Phenols and Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of plant products, the cultivation method, fertilizers, and pesticides used are important. Plants that were grown in greenhouses using plastic foils were more polluted than in open fields [ 65 ].…”

Section: Phenols and Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function

et al. 2021

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“…Phthalates, between the plasticizers, are the most widely used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and polyethylene (PE) plastics, and thesephthalates can be found in toys, personal-care products, food packages, paints, pharmaceuticals and drugs, medical devices, catheters, blood transfusion devices, cosmetics, and PVC products for home furnishings such as PVC films for floors or household accessories [12,15,16]. The Bisphenol A (BPA), another plasticizer, is the major component of manufacture of epoxy and polycarbonate plastics and flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncogenic Role of miRNA by Environmental Exposure to Plasticizers: A Systematic Review.

Ferrante¹,

Cristaldi²,

Conti³

2021

Preprint

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The environmental exposure of human in the daily and occupational activities to plasticizers may adversely affect human health, and thus represents a global issue. The altered expression of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exerts an important pathogenic role linked also to the exposure to plasticizers. This systematic review summarizes the recent findings showing modified ex-pression of miRNAs in cancer due to plasticizers exposures. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, we performed a systematic review of the past ten years, focusing on the relationship between plasticizer exposures and expression of miRNAs cancer. Starting by 535 records, 17 articles were included. Results support the hypothesis that exposure to plasticizers cause changes or deregulation of a number of oncogenic miRNAs and showed that plasticizers interaction with several redundant miRNAs, such as let-7f, let-7g, miR-125b, miR-134, miR-146a, miR-22; miR-192, miR-222, miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-27b, miR-296, miR-324, miR-335, miR-122, miR-23b, miR-200, miR-29a and miR-21, might induce deep alterations. These genotoxic and oncogenic responses can eventually lead to abnormal cell signaling pathways and metabolisms that participate in many overlapped cellular processes, and miRNA level changes can be a useful tool for the toxicological assessment of environmental pollutants, including plastic additives and plasticizers

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“…The impact of phthalates on the environment has been studied in the last few years, focusing mainly on vertebrates. It is known that phthalates act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), producing severe health effects [7][8][9][10][11] and even having a long-term impact on the epigenome 12 . Phthalates can alter an animal's metabolism, but there is still a lack of information about their effects on invertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Impact of Three Phthalates on the Freshwater Gastropod Physella Acuta at the Transcriptional Level

Prieto-Amador

Caballero

Martínez-Guitarte

2021

Preprint

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Plastic pollution is one of the leading environmental problems. Phthalates are widely used plastic additives released into the environment. Although the phthalates' effects have been extensively studied on vertebrates, there is a gap in knowledge on their effects on invertebrates. This work analyzes the impact of three phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on the gastropod Physella acuta at the molecular level to establish the putative pathways involved in its response to them. By real-time PCR, we obtained the expression profile of thirty genes in one-week exposed animals at 0.1, 10, and 1000 µg/L. The genes cover the DNA repairing mechanism, detoxification mechanisms, apoptosis, oxidative and stress responses, immunity, energy reserves, and lipid transport. The results show that while DEP and DEHP did not cause alteration of the mRNA levels, BBP modulates almost all the genes tested. It can be concluded that the impact of BBP is extensive at the molecular level. However, it cannot be dismissed that the increase in transcriptional activity is a general response due to this compound’s well-known role as an endocrine disruptor. Additional research is needed to elucidate the differences observed in the impact of these compounds on this gastropod.

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Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Cited by 246 publications

References 246 publications

Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function

Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function

Oncogenic Role of miRNA by Environmental Exposure to Plasticizers: A Systematic Review.

Analysis of the Impact of Three Phthalates on the Freshwater Gastropod Physella Acuta at the Transcriptional Level

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