Critical Review on Toxicological Mechanisms Triggered by Inhalation of Alumina Nanoparticles on to the Lungs

Abstract

Alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) can be released in occupational environments in different contexts such as industry, defense, and aerospace. Workers can be exposed by inhalation to these NPs, for instance, through welding fumes or aerosolized propellant combustion residues. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have reported that inhalation of Al2O3 NPs could trigger aluminosis, inflammation in the lung parenchyma, respiratory symptoms such as cough or shortness of breath, and probably long-term pulmonary fibrosis. The present review is a critical update of the current knowledge on underlying toxicological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms induced by exposure to Al2O3 NPs in the lungs. A major part of animal studies also points out inflammatory cells and secreted biomarkers in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood serum, while in vitro studies on lung cells indicate contradictory results regarding the toxicity of these NPs.

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration

“…Alumina nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 NPs) are one of the most frequently produced particles in the world. Dekali and colleagues (2022) reviewed the current knowledge on the effects of Al 2 O 3 NPs on animal health [21]. Al 2 O 3 NPs have been shown to significantly increase the risk of inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, reduced lung function, and increased risk of lung cancer in the lung parenchyma of various animals.…”