Critical review towards thermal management systems of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicle with its electronic control unit and assessment tools

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are facing difficulties in an aspect of protection towards battery thermal safety issues which leads to performance degradation or thermal runaway. To negate these issues an effective battery thermal management system is absolute pre-requisite to safeguard the lithium-ion batteries. In this context to support the future endeavours and to improvise battery thermal management system (BTMS) design and its operation the article reveals on three aspects through the analysis of scientific literatures. First, this paper collates the present research progress and status of various battery management strategies employed to lithium-ion batteries. Further, to promote stable and efficient BTMS operation as an initiation the extensive attention is paid towards roles of BTMS electronic control unit and also presented the essential functionality need to consider for designing best BTMS control strategy. Finally, elucidates the various unconventional assessment tools can be employed to recognize the suitable thermal management technique and also for establish optimum BTMS operation based on requirements. From the experience of this article additionally delivers some of the research gaps identified and the essential areas need to focus for the development of superior lithium-ion BTMS technology. All the contents reveal in this article will hopefully assist to the design commercially suitable effective BTMS technology especially for electro-mobility application.

Thermal Management of Electrified Vehicles—A Review

“…In Figure 3, a possible configuration of a low temperature loop is depicted. In this case, a liquid cooling system is considered, however, this is not the only possibility as air cooling is also used for batteries [21]. In any case, depending on the ambient temperatures, conditioned air could be used for heat removal and a battery heater may be necessary.…”

“…In the 2019 review paper [22], the authors list fifteen review papers dealing with battery thermal management technologies and modeling from 2004 to 2017 [15,17,19,20,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. Further state-of-the-art papers have been published more recently [9,10,12,13,16,21].…”

“…Different classifications of the thermal management systems have been proposed according to different criteria [13]. In Figure 7, a classification of the thermal management system proposed in [21] is reported. In this picture, the following three characteristics of the system are considered:…”

“…Thermal management of electrified vehicles is widely discussed in the literature. Several review papers can be found addressing the problem of the thermal management for vehicle subsystems [4][5][6][7][8] with special reference to batteries [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], for the whole vehicle [23][24][25] or from a modeling perspective [26,27]. The present review aims to provide the designer of the thermal management system the most relevant information about the components, while focusing on the system.…”

Surrogate Model of the Optimum Global Battery Pack Thermal Management System Control

“…The industry is developing advanced BTMS designs that optimizes the heat transmission and the performance of the actuator [21]. As result, smaller thermal actuators provide the same performance rates as bigger actuators of conventional BTMS designs.…”