Critical Science Plan for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)

Rast, Mark; González, N. Bello; Rubio, L. R. Bellot; Cao, Wenda; Cauzzi, G.; DeLuca, E. E.; Pontieu, Bart De; Fletcher, L.; Gibson, S. E.; Judge, P. G.; Katsukawa, Y.; Kazachenko, Maria D.; Khomenko, E.; Landi, E.; Pillet, V. Martı́nez; Petrie, Gordon; Qiu, Jiong; Rachmeler, Laurel A.; Rempel, Matthias; Schmidt, Wolfgang; Scullion, Eamon; Sun, Xudong; Welsch, B. T.; Andretta, V.; Antolin, Patrick; Ayres, Thomas R.; Balasubramaniam, Krishnan; Ballai, I.; Berger, Thomas; Bradshaw, S. J.; Carlsson, Mats; Casini, R.; Centeno, R.; Cranmer, Steven R.; DeForest, C. E.; Deng, Yuanyong; Erdélyi, R.; Fedun, V.; Fischer, C. E.; Manrique, S. J. González; Hahn, Michael; Harra, L. K.; Henriques, V. M. J.; Hurlburt, N. E.; Jaeggli, Sarah A.; Jafarzadeh, S.; Jain, Rekha; Jefferies, S. M.; Keys, Peter H.; Kowalski, Adam F.; Kuckein, C.; Kuhn, J. R.; Liu, Jiajia; Wei, Liu; Longcope, D. W.; McAteer, R. T. J.; McIntosh, Scott W.; McKenzie, D. E.; Miralles, M. P.; Morton, Richard; Muglach, K.; Nelson, C. J.; Panesar, Navdeep K.; Parenti, S.; Parnell, C. E.; Poduval, B.; Reardon, K.; Reep, Jeffrey W.; Schad, Thomas A.; Schmit, D. J.; Sharma, Rahul; Socas‐Navarro, H.; Srivastava, A. K.; Sterling, Alphonse C.; Suematsu, Y.; Tarr, Lucas A.; Tiwari, Sanjiv K.; Tritschler, A.; Verth, G.; Vourlidas, A.; Hai-min, Wang; Wang, Yiming; Dkist,; scientists, Dkist instrument

doi:10.1007/s11207-021-01789-2

Cited by 93 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 725 publications

(812 reference statements)

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“…Large uncertainties in amplitude and periods deduced from the POS transverse motion could originate from the closeness of spicule-type events to nearby events. To resolve this entanglement, observations at higher spatial resolution are needed, e.g., from the 4 m class Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST; Rast et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature of High-frequency Oscillations Associated with Short-lived Spicule-type Events

Shetye

Verwichte

Stangalini

et al. 2021

ApJ

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We investigate high-resolution spectroscopic and imaging observations from the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) instrument to study the dynamics of chromospheric spicule-type events. It is widely accepted that chromospheric fine structures are waveguides for several types of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillations, which can transport energy from the lower to upper layers of the Sun. We provide a statistical study of 30 high-frequency waves associated with spicule-type events. These high-frequency oscillations have two components of transverse motions: the plane-of-sky (POS) motion and the line-of-sight (LOS) motion. We focus on single isolated spicules and track the POS using time-distance analysis and in the LOS direction using Doppler information. We use moment analysis to find the relation between the two motions. The composition of these two motions suggests that the wave has a helical structure. The oscillations do not have phase differences between points along the structure. This may be the result of the oscillation being a standing mode, or that propagation is mostly in the perpendicular direction. There is evidence of fast magnetoacoustic wave fronts propagating across these structures. To conclude, we hypothesize that the compression and rarefaction of passing magnetoacoustic waves may influence the appearance of spicule-type events, not only by contributing to moving them in and out of the wing of the spectral line but also through the creation of density enhancements and an increase in opacity in the Hα line.Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Solar chromosphere (1479); Solar atmosphere (1477); Magnetohydrodynamics (1964)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature of High-frequency Oscillations Associated with Short-lived Spicule-type Events

Shetye

Verwichte

Stangalini

et al. 2021

ApJ

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“…In particular, powerlaw (hereafter, "beam") electrons with order-of-magnitude greater inferred heating fluxes than were typically reported in the past (e.g., Neidig et al 1994) have become commonplace (Neidig et al 1993;Krucker et al 2011;Milligan et al 2014;Alaoui & Holman 2017;Graham et al 2020). Over the next cycle maximum, the National Science Foundation's Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) will provide solar flare optical and near-infrared spectra at the highest-ever spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution (Rimmele et al 2020;Rast et al 2021). As a result, there will be a growing interest in the diagnostic potential of the hydrogen Balmer and Paschen series in solar flares, especially in bright flare kernels, where the high fluxes in power-law electrons occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the Visible Spectropolarimeter (ViSP; Nelson et al 2010;de Wijn et al 2012;Rimmele et al 2020;Rast et al 2021, de Wijn et al 2022 on the DKIST, spectral measurements of the optical hydrogen lines with wavelength coverage into the far wings and high spatial resolution will provide new estimates on the ambient charge density and optical depth in chromospheric condensations in bright flare kernels. Due to a high sensitivity to pressure broadening, the H i emission line properties are (potentially) much better probes of the ambient charged particle densities in flare chromospheres than the measured brightness and broadening properties of Fe ii, Mg ii, and Ca ii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Atmospheric Response to High Nonthermal Electron Beam Fluxes in Solar Flares. II. Hydrogen Broadening Predictions for Solar Flare Observations with the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope

Kowalski,

Allred,

Carlsson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Red-shifted components of chromospheric emission lines in the hard X-ray impulsive phase of solar flares have recently been studied through their 30 s evolution with the high resolution of IRIS. Radiative-hydrodynamic flare models show that these redshifts are generally reproduced by electronbeam generated chromospheric condensations. The models produce large ambient electron densities, and the pressure broadening of hydrogen Balmer series should be readily detected in observations. To accurately interpret upcoming spectral data of flares with the DKIST, we incorporate non-ideal, non-adiabatic line broadening profiles of hydrogen into the RADYN code. These improvements allow time-dependent predictions for the extreme Balmer line wing enhancements in solar flares. We study two chromospheric condensation models, which cover a range of electron beam fluxes (1 − 5 × 10 11 erg s −1 cm −2 ) and ambient electron densities (1 − 60 × 10 13 cm −3 ) in the flare chromosphere. Both models produce broadening and redshift variations within 10 s of the onset of beam heating. In the chromospheric condensations, there is enhanced spectral broadening due to large optical depths at Hα, Hβ, and Hγ, while the much lower optical depth of the Balmer series H12−H16 provides a translucent window into the smaller electron densities in the beam-heated layers below the condensation. The wavelength ranges of typical DKIST/ViSP spectra of solar flares will be sufficient to test the predictions of extreme hydrogen wing broadening and accurately constrain large densities in chromospheric condensations.

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“…The guest editors solicited the scientific articles that put forward the way to the front-line observational data and associated data-driven MHD modelling collectively to answer the fundamental but earnest topics of the solar atmosphere. The objective of this topical issue is to put forward a novel insights into the solar and heliospheric physics community, particularly when the epoch of fine spatio-temporal resolution observations is on our horizon (Erdélyi et al, 2019;Matthews et al, 2019;McCrea et al, 2019;Rast et al, 2021). Key scientific themes include, but are not limited to: The present special issue and collection of the articles bring a novel set of new scientific results, which are summarised in the next subsection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leap forward advancements in the observations, coupled with theory, have emerged in form of front-line scientific progress in the field of solar astrophysics. These progresses have put down the basic preliminaries for current (e.g., 4m-DKIST (Rimmele et al, 2020;Rast et al, 2021); Parker Solar Probe (Bale et al, 2016); Solar Orbiter (Müller et al, 2020;GarcíaMarirrodriga et al, 2021)) and forthcoming high resolution new generation observatories (e. g., 4m-EST (Jurčák et al, 2019); 2.5m-WeHoT (Fang et al, 2019); 2m-NLST (Hasan et al, 2010); Aditya-L1 (Raghavendra Prasad et al, 2017;Tripathi et al, 2017), CHASE (Li et al, 2019), etc.) to explore extensively the magnetic coupling of different layers of the Sun's atmosphere, their localised energy and mass transport phenomena, physical processes supporting a variety of eruptive events and space weather.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%