Critical Soil Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in View of Health Effects on Humans and Animals

Vries, Wim de; Römkens, P.F.A.M.; Schütze, Gudrun

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69163-3_4

Cited by 143 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, of the three samples with high Zn content, only in the sample of cabbage with the highest Zn concentration (198.0 mg kg -1 ) was the concentration of Mn (19.5 mg kg -1 ) within the critical deficiency range. Regarding the nonessential heavy metals, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were below the corresponding plant toxicity thresholds (15) and the concentrations of Hg were below the limit of phytotoxic effects in food crops (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The concentrations of essential heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) detected in the vegetables were compared with critical deficiency and toxicity concentrations (19), and the concentrations of non-essential heavy metals were compared with toxicity thresholds (As, Cd, Cr, Pb) (15) and limit for phytotoxic effects (Hg) (30). However, these concentrations were not available for all the metals analysed.…”

Section: Critical Deficiency and Toxicity Concentrations In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of non-essential As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were compared with plant toxicity thresholds of 20, 5-10, 1-2, and 10-20 mg kg -1 , respectively (15). The concentrations of Hg were compared with a limit for phytotoxic effects in food crops of 1 mg kg -1 (30).…”

Section: Critical Deficiency and Toxicity Concentrations In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of heavy metals in common vegetables at Varaždin City Market, Croatia

Stančić

Vujević

Gomaz

et al. 2016

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The present study was aimed at the estimation of heavy metal content in vegetables sold at the city market of one of the densely populated Croatian cities, Varaždin, and to establish the relationship between their levels and possible sources of contamination. Twenty-eight samples of the most common diet vegetables (red and white potato, onion, carrot, common bean, lettuce, and cabbage) were randomly bought at the market in September and October 2013. Using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, concentrations of nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured in the selected samples. The results showed that, in five out of 28 samples analysed, six concentrations exceeded the maximum levels provided for in the regulations: five for Pb and one for Cd. Maximum regulated levels for Pb were exceeded in two samples of red potato, two samples of common bean, and one sample of carrot (17.9 %), and for Cd in a sample of red potato (3.6 %). In conclusion, the cause of the overstepping of the maximum levels for Pb and Cd in the vegetables analysed was most likely the contaminated soil. The possible sources of soil contamination include traffic, nearby industry, floodwaters of rivers and streams, and the use of pesticides and fertilisers in agricultural production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Critical Deficiency and Toxicity Concentrations In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of heavy metals in common vegetables at Varaždin City Market, Croatia

Stančić

Vujević

Gomaz

et al. 2016

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…Despite the range in observations of the degree of accumulation of Cd in specific arable cropping systems and the recent concern about current exposure levels due to intake of food (EFSA, 2012) most European agricultural soils still can be considered as relatively uncontaminated (Reimann et al, 2014) and the quality of food, ecosystem and water quality at large is not yet under threat (de Vries et al, 2007). This obviously does not apply to areas with high actual or historic inputs from industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cadmium levels in fertilisers on cadmium accumulation in soil and uptake by food crops

Römkens

Rietra

Kros³

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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Vries, 2018. Impact of cadmium levels in fertilisers on cadmium accumulation in soil and uptake by food crops. Wageningen, Wageningen Environmental Research, Report 2889. 116 pp.; 23 fig.; 60 tab.; 80 ref. Cadmium (Cd) and other heavy metals (lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn)) occur naturally in fertilisers but at variable levels. To determine whether or not levels of metals in fertiliser affect the absorption of Cd and other metals by agricultural crops, a greenhouse study was performed to measure the uptake of Cd and other metals from 7 different soils grounds treated with either mineral fertiliser with increasing levels of Cd and one type of animal manure (cattle manure). The results show that there is no significant difference in absorption of Cd nor on other metals when P fertiliser is used with levels of Cd varying between 0.04 and 60 mg Cd kg -1 P 2 O 5 . Differences in soil properties (e.g. acidity and organic matter content) in combination with the content of Cd in the soil control the short term (1 harvest cycle) variation of Cd concentrations in crops. Long-term (100 years) calculations on a field and regional scale, however, show that the content of Cd in P fertilisers does affect both levels in soil and that in crops. Dynamic model simulations at EU level indicate that accumulation of Cd in soil (arable and grassland) continues if the Cd content in P fertilisers exceeds 20 mg Cd kg -1 P 2 O 5 . The calculated average long-term relative changes in both soil and arable crops relative to current levels are in the order of magnitude of +0.2% if no more Cd is applied via P fertiliser to 12.1% to 16% if, at the European level the concentration of Cd in mineral P-fertilisers averages 60 or 80 mg Cd kg -1 P 2 O 5 respectively. Cadmium (Cd) en andere zware metalen (lood (Pb), arseen (As), chroom (Cr) en zink (Zn)) komen van nature voor in kunstmeststoffen, maar in variabele gehalten. Om na te gaan of het gehalte aan metalen in kunstmest de opname van Cd en andere metalen door landbouwgewassen beïnvloedt, is in een kasopstelling de opname van Cd en andere metalen bepaald uit 7 gronden behandeld met kunstmest of rundermest met oplopende gehalten aan Cd. De resultaten tonen aan dat er geen significant verschil in opname van Cd van noch andere metalen is wanneer P kunstmest gebruikt wordt met gehalten aan Cd die variëren tussen 0,04 en 60 mg Cd kg -1 P 2 O 5 . Verschillen in bodemeigenschappen (zuurgraad en organische stof gehalte) in combinatie met het initiële gehalte aan Cd in de bodem zijn op korte termijn (1 oogstcyclus) bepalend voor de variatie in de gehalten aan Cd in gewassen. Lange termijn berekeningen op veld-en regionale schaal tonen aan dat het gehalte aan Cd in P kunstmeststoffen wel van invloed is op zowel het gehalte in de bodem als dat in gewassen. Op regionale schaal is berekend dat accumulatie van Cd in de bodem in de EU (akkerbouw en grasland) gemiddeld genomen doorgaat indien het Cd gehalte in P kunstmeststoffen hoger is dan 20 mg Cd kg -1 P 2 O 5 . De berekende gemid...

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“…As Cd accumulates in plants (Simon et al 1996) and in the food chain (Croteau et al 2005), Cd can readily be transferred from one organism to another by trophic transfer, despite the fact that Cd is not known to be essential to any organism. The increasing worldwide pollution of terrestrial and aquatic systems therefore raises toxicological concerns for organisms exposed to pollutants such as Cd via trophic transfer (de Vries et al 2007;Schwarzenbach et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation in turtles: trophic exposure of Trachemys scripta elegans

Guirlet

Das

2011

Ecotoxicology

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Ecotoxicological data in reptiles are mainly represented by field studies reporting the tissue burden of wild-captured individuals but much less is known regarding the processes of uptake, depuration, accumulation and the effects of inorganic contaminants in these species. In the present study, the accumulation, the path and the effects of exposure to cadmium (Cd) through diet intake were investigated in female red eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans. In the first phase of the experiment, turtles underwent an acclimatization period during which they were fed a control diet. In the second phase, the turtles were exposed to cadmium through a CdCl 2 supplementeddiet with increased environmentally relevant concentrations for a period of 13 weeks. Following this, the turtles went through a third phase, a recovery phase of 3 weeks, during which they were fed uncontaminated food. Blood and feces were collected during the three phases of the experiment. The turtles were euthanized at the end of the experiment and organ samples collected. The Cd-concentrations in blood remained stable over the course of the experiment while Cd-concentrations in feces increased with time and with the amount of Cd ingested. The proportional accumulation in liver and kidney together was comprised between 0.7 and 6.1% and they represented the main organs of accumulation. Cd accumulated in the organs in the following order of concentration: kidney [ liver [ pancreas [ muscle. In terms of burden in organs, the Cd-burden was the highest in liver followed by kidney and pancreas. The proportional accumulation decreased as Cd ingestion increased, suggesting that at a higher dose of Cd, assimilation decreased. Mineral content of the liver and pancreas became modified according to Cd level; increasing dietary Cd exposure increased concentrations of zinc and iron in liver and copper in pancreas in a dose-dependent manner. Accumulation of Cd had no effect on survival, food consumption, growth, weight or length suggesting no effect of the treatment on female turtle body condition.

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Critical Soil Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in View of Health Effects on Humans and Animals

Cited by 143 publications

References 26 publications

Detection of heavy metals in common vegetables at Varaždin City Market, Croatia

Detection of heavy metals in common vegetables at Varaždin City Market, Croatia

Impact of cadmium levels in fertilisers on cadmium accumulation in soil and uptake by food crops

Cadmium toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation in turtles: trophic exposure of Trachemys scripta elegans

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