Critical stages in cyanogen removal during cassava processing in southern Tanzania

Mlingi, N.; Bainbridge, Z.; Poulter, Nigel H.; Rosling, Hans

doi:10.1016/0308-8146(95)95782-2

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Higher HCN content is generally found in the bitter compared to the sweet cassava varieties, since the bitter or sweet distinction is related to an increase in CNGs levels. The CNG levels are also affected by environmental factors such as drought, pests and diseases (Mlingi et al, 1995). De Bruijin (1973) reported that CNG levels in cassava foliage were increased by fertilization with nitrogen and decreased by fertilization with potassium and manure.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feeding fresh, wilted and sun-dried foliage from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the performance of lambs and their intake of hydrogen cyanide

Hue¹,

Van

Ledin

et al. 2010

Livestock Science

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Section: Chemical Composition Of the Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feeding fresh, wilted and sun-dried foliage from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the performance of lambs and their intake of hydrogen cyanide

Hue¹,

Van

Ledin

et al. 2010

Livestock Science

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“…However today, it has been forgotten because of the difficulties of traditional detoxification process. The safe amount of tuber that can be consumed as set by World Health Organization (WHO) in 1988 is below 10 mg hydrogen cyanide (HCN) per kg body weight (Mlingi et al, 1995). However if the tuber is consume excessively (without further purification), it may result in cyanide poisoning with the symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, stomach pains, diarrhea and impart serious health complication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characterization of starch extracted from Malaysian wild yam<br>(Dioscorea hispida Dennst.)

Ashri

Yusof

Jamil

et al. 2014

Emir. J. Food Agric

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Using a sedimentation method, the extracted starch from Dioscorea hispida tuber was characterized for their morphological, thermal and other physicochemical properties such as total starch content, moisture content, pH, water binding capacity (WBC), solubility and swelling power. The starch content extracted from the tuber was 11.46% with the WBC and moisture content were 107% and 249% respectively. Results showed the starch solubility and swelling power gradually increased with the increasing of temperature ranging from 65°C to 95°C. Under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed the starch granules have polyhedral shapes and their size between 1.3 μm to 4.3 μm. The results obtained from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed the starch transition temperature (To, Tp and Tc) were 74.54°C, 79.35°C and 83.36°C whereas, enthalpy of gelatinization (∆Hgel) was 4.12 Jg -1 . This research identify that starch from D. hispida has unique properties which can be used as a new starch source for various applications.

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“…Amygdalin hydrolase and prunasin hydrolase are two β -glycosidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of amygdalin in a stepwise reaction by removing two glucose residues and releasing benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. 12,13 These two cyanogenic glycosides are hydrolyzed to cyanohydrins, which undergo nonenzymatic conversion to hydrogen cyanide via hydrolysis by linamarinase. Amygdalin hydrolase removes the terminal glucose of amygdalin and forms the monoglucoside, prunasin.…”

Section: Fruit Kernelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanogenic Foods (Cassava, Fruit Kernels, and Cycad Seeds)

2008

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances

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HISTORYCassava is a staple in Africa that contains toxic concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides when improperly processed. Occasionally, outbreaks of cyanide poisoning occur following the consumption of bitter cassava, particularly during periods of drought. 1 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONThe distribution of cyanogenic glycosides is widespread throughout the plant kingdom, occurring in at least 2,500 plants species, primarily in the Compositae, Fabaceae, Linaceae, and Rosaceae families. 2 Of these plants, clinically important human toxicity probably occurs only following the ingestion of cassava. Prunasin occurs in at least six plant families (Myoporaceae, Myrtaceae, Polypodiaceae, Rosaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae). CassavaCommon Name : Cassava Scientifi c Name : Manihot esculenta Crantz Botanical Family : Euphorbiaceae (Spurge) Physical Description : Cassava is a perennial, woody shrub with large, brown, tapered tubers that are staples in many poor countries. This shrub or small tree reaches about 1.25 -5 m (4 -16 ft) in height. The leaves are glabrous and deeply parted with spatulate to linear -lanceolate acuminate lobes up to 15 cm (6 in.) long. The fl owers form panicles. Distribution and Ecology : This plant is a native species of Central and South America that was spread by 17th century explorers to Africa and later to the Indian subcontinent. Cassava is widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical areas for the high starch content of the tubers. Fruit Kernels ( Prunus spp. ) Common Name : Apple Scientifi c Name : Malus domestica Borkh. Botanical Family : Rosaceae (rose) Physical Description : This deciduous fruit tree forms a broad crown and reaches up to 12 m (39 ft) in height. The leaves are simple and alternate with a serrated tip and petiole up to 5 cm (2 in.) long. The white fl ower appears in spring with fi ve petals. The fruit matures in autumn with fi ve, star -shaped carpels containing one or two seeds. Distribution and Ecology : The apple is a native plant of the mountains in Central Asia, and now numerous cultivars of the apple are widely distributed throughout the world. Common Name : Peach Scientifi c Name : Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. Botanical Family : Rosaceae (rose) Physical Description : The deciduous tree reaches up to 10 m (33 ft) in height with broad, lanceolate leaves up to 15 cm (6 in.) long. In early spring, the solitary, pink fl owers appear before the leaves with fi ve petals. The drupe (stone fruit) contains a single, large seed with a hard, corrugated cover. Chapter 5 CYANOGENIC FOODS 45Distribution and Ecology : This peach tree is a native species of China, which is now widely cultivated in temperate climates. However, the chilling requirements and limited cold tolerance of the fruit restricts the areas of production to places other than tropical and subtropical climates. Cycad SeedsCycas plants (e.g., Cycas revoluta Thunb. or sago palm) belong to the order Cycadales, which contains approximately 11 genera of tropical and subtropical plants that produce terminal oblong cones...

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Critical stages in cyanogen removal during cassava processing in southern Tanzania

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of feeding fresh, wilted and sun-dried foliage from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the performance of lambs and their intake of hydrogen cyanide

Effect of feeding fresh, wilted and sun-dried foliage from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the performance of lambs and their intake of hydrogen cyanide

Physicochemical characterization of starch extracted from Malaysian wild yam<br>(Dioscorea hispida Dennst.)

Cyanogenic Foods (Cassava, Fruit Kernels, and Cycad Seeds)

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