“…Scholars have discussed many factors related to learning performance, such as the fundamental individual factors of learners, learning motivation, learning performance expectations, learning time investment (Hsu and Hsieh, 2011;Dakduk et al, 2018;, the self-regulating learning ability in the learning process (Sabah, 2020), learning attitude (Hsu and Hsieh, 2011), and prior experience of online learning (Lim and Morris, 2009) all predict learning performance. Regarding course factors, course content, structure clarity, course teaching methods, and modes of teaching predict learning performance (So and Brush, 2008;Afacan, 2016;Putri et al, 2019). As for learning support, a perceived learning system serviceability, usability, perceived flexibility, convenience for collaborative learning (Kerzic et al, 2019;Sabah, 2020), interactivity (Blieck et al, 2019), information support and process guidance (Cocquyt et al, 2019), and emotional support (So and Brush, 2008) predict learning performance.…”