“…Although the use of BIM is rapidly increasing worldwide, it is still in its beginning phase in Turkey (Aladag et al, 2016;Simsek and Uzun, 2021) like in other developing countries. According to Antwi-Afari et al (2018), developing countries, such as India (Nanajkar, 2014;Ahuja et al, 2016), Singapore (Liao and Teo, 2017), Nigeria (Amuda-Yusuf, 2018; Olanrewaju et al, 2020;Olugboyega and Windapo, 2021), Iraq (Hatem et al, 2018), China (Zhang et al, 2020;Tu et al, 2021;Zhao and Wu, 2017;Zhou et al, 2019), Iran (Hosseini et al, 2016), Jordan (Btoush and Haron, 2017), and Malaysia (Rogers et al, 2015;Yaakob et al, 2016;Sinoh et al, 2020), the implementation of BIM is lagging. However, significant attempts have been made to investigate the limiting causes of BIM implementation and how BIM can be adapted to the construction industries in developing countries (Shahruddin et al, 2022;Sinoh et al, 2020).…”