Critical temperature of the lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloy

Critical parameters and equation of state for heavy liquid metals

“…The critical temperature of Bi estimated by Azad [21] with CIP method (T c(Bi) = 2042-2106 K) is lower than values recommended by other authors.…”

“…Recently, Azad [21] estimated the critical temperatures of Pb, Bi and Pb-Bi with the above-described CIP model. The estimation for Pb indicates a quite low value of the critical temperature (T c(Pb) = 3369-3391 K) in comparison with most of other theoretical and experimental estimations.…”

“…Only two sets of the critical parameters for Pb-Bi were found: one was estimated by Morita et al [27] and another by Azad [21]. Both were estimated theoretically on the basis of some known or estimated properties of Pb-Bi.…”

“…Azad [21] estimated the Pb-Bi critical temperatures using CIP method described above. The gas phase was modelled with the perfect gas equation.…”

“…Grosse [12] 4620 ----Cahill et al [25] 5000 ----Fortov et al [26] 4200 126 2660 0.28 -Martynyuk [14] 3780 132 3010 0.29 -Azad [21] 2042-2106 ----Morita [35] 4720 77 2040 0.20 -Watson's method and the law of rectilinear diameter (p c obtained with v c = 0.29) 4420 (139) 2720 (0.29) (12), (13) Kopp's correlation 4842 --- (14) obtained by Azad [21] is more than by factor 2 lower and the critical pressure is 3 times higher than those calculated by Morita et al [27] with the generalized VDW equation of Martynyuk [15]. The Kopp's correlation (14) yields T c(Pb-Bi) = 4880 K using the value of the evaporation enthalpy at the normal boiling temperature of Pb-Bi from [27].…”