Critical zinc ion concentration on the electrode surface determines dendritic zinc growth during charging a zinc air battery

Riede, Jens-Christian; Turek, Thomas; Kunz, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.110

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The resulting values are D = 1.82-2.30 10 −9 m 2 s −1 . This is within the range of 1.6 × 10 −10 to 6 × 10 −9 m 2 s −1 , which is the range of the estimated molecular diffusion coefficient of zincate ions in KOH found in past studies [16,18]. These facts confirm the sufficient reliability of the BOS technique.…”

Section: Concentration Distribution Of Zincate Ionssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Riede et al [16] carried out a numerical simulation to clarify the relationship between the zincate ion concentration within the vicinity of the zinc anode and the zinc morphology. Their results indicate that dendritic deposition starts to appear when the zincate ion concentration on the anode surface reaches a critical concentration (approximately 0.11 mol L −1 in their study), which was derived from a molecular diffusion equation.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi in-situ measurement of zincate ion concentration near zinc anode using background-oriented Schlieren technique

Ito

Liang

Ishikawa

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Research

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In metal-anode batteries such as zinc, the concentration of metal ions in the electrolyte usually plays a significant role in the metal electrodeposition upon charging. This study aims to clarify the concentration of zincate ions near the zinc anode. After preliminary experiments in a minichannel were conducted to identify the system parameters, galvanostatic charging experiments in a zinc battery cell were conducted at current densities of 20 and 40 mA cm −2. The bulk concentrations of zincate ions were set to 0.49 and 0.98 mol L −1. Images near the zinc anode were captured using an optical microscope to calculate the zincate ion concentration distribution through the background-oriented Schlieren (BOS) technique. They were taken at an equal time intervals to investigate the transition of the concentration diffusion layer. It was confirmed that the BOS technique enables us to quantitatively measure the zincate ion concentration in zinc anode batteries. The results are consistent with the theoretical expectation. The applied current density basically determines the concentration gradient near the anode surface, although it takes time to reach a steady state. The spatial variance in the zincate ion concentration at the anode surface increases with the distance from equilibrium.

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Section: Concentration Distribution Of Zincate Ionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi in-situ measurement of zincate ion concentration near zinc anode using background-oriented Schlieren technique

Ito

Liang

Ishikawa

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Research

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“…Previous attempts in utilizing alkaline electrolytes resulted in poor cycling performances which were attributed to the formation of insulating ZnO at the zinc anode . The high solubility of zinc in alkaline solutions can cause the zinc metal to dissolve as [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2− , and any nonuniformity in [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2− concentration at the zinc metal surface can lead to a nonuniform zinc plating during the charging step, resulting in dendrites . Together, the formation of ZnO phases and zinc dendrites have been suppressed by utilizing mildly acidic electrolytes and a highly reversible electrochemical plating/stripping has been achieved …”

Section: Aqueous Rechargeable Electrodes For Zn‐ion Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐ and Aluminum‐Ion Battery Electrodes: Challenges and Outlook

Verma

Kumar

Manalastas

et al. 2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

159

149

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www.advsustainsys.comion-based chemistries exclusively. Though few reviews document electrode materials and their performances for rechargeable aqueous Zn-and Al-ion batteries, [23,[25][26][27] a comprehensive understanding of ion storage mechanisms remains poorly enunciated. We believe the key to successful implementation of MV-ion batteries requires a simultaneous understanding of various elemental chemistries, in context with each other. Here, we summarize reported electrochemical reactions for Zn-ion and Al-ion electrodes. We compare activation mechanisms for ion transport and the role of water in various crystal lattices, and analyze specific challenges for electrode materials such as limited cation mobility, spontaneous dissolution, poor cycling, O 2 interaction, untoward proton/hydronium coinsertion, ineffective electrode-electrolyte interface formation, and current-collector corrosion. We illustrate how these challenges are dependent on some of the battery design parameters, with an aim to find optimized solutions or alternative strategies to increase the viability of Zn-ion aqueous batteries (ZIABs) and Al-ion aqueous batteries (AIABs) in BESS. Aqueous Rechargeable Electrodes for Zn-Ion StorageIn this review, we discuss rechargeable electrodes which can insert Zn 2+ ions. Since, electrodes for zinc-nickel batteries, [28,29] alkaline Zn-MnO 2 batteries, [30,31] or the hybrid zinc aqueous batteries, [32] store other ions (and not Zn 2+ ), we do not discuss these systems here. Majority of the literature for ZIAB electrodes spans various polymorphs of manganese dioxide, [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] vanadium compounds, [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] and hexacyanoferrates, [62][63][64][65] and we discuss few Zn 2+ storage mechanisms for these electrodes. Additionally, we also highlight key similarities, missing links in the reaction mechanism, and the role of water, if any. 2.

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“…According to the classical sand‐box method in fractal theory, the fractal model of F‐CaCO 3 fillers in composites was established based on the 3D visualization results. The detailed steps for establishing this kind of fractal model are as follows: In the 3D model, a box (square) with side length a 1 pixel was cropped by Avizo's Volume Edit and counted the number N 1 (a 1 ) of particles by Avizo's Label Analysis tool.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of fillers dispersion state in CaCO₃/polypropylene composites through visualization and fractal analysis

Kang

Yuan

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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The dispersion state of fillers in the polymer matrix is an important factor to determine the properties of the polymer composites. Here, a new method for the accurate quantitative evaluation dispersion state of fillers through three‐dimensional (3D) visualization and fractal analysis is reported. First of all, the data model of the dispersed state of the fillers is obtained through 3D visualization techniques. Then the fractal dimensions of different samples are obtained by software based on the fractal theory. As the filler increases, the fractal dimension is firstly decreases to a minimum and then increases. Under this extreme point condition, the theoretical dispersion state of the fillers is uniform. The accurate quantitative description of the dispersion state provides a new basis for establishing the relationship between the dispersion state and the mechanical properties of the fillers in various composites.

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Critical zinc ion concentration on the electrode surface determines dendritic zinc growth during charging a zinc air battery

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Semi in-situ measurement of zincate ion concentration near zinc anode using background-oriented Schlieren technique

Semi in-situ measurement of zincate ion concentration near zinc anode using background-oriented Schlieren technique

Progress in Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐ and Aluminum‐Ion Battery Electrodes: Challenges and Outlook

Quantitative evaluation of fillers dispersion state in CaCO₃/polypropylene composites through visualization and fractal analysis

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Critical zinc ion concentration on the electrode surface determines dendritic zinc growth during charging a zinc air battery

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Semi in-situ measurement of zincate ion concentration near zinc anode using background-oriented Schlieren technique

Semi in-situ measurement of zincate ion concentration near zinc anode using background-oriented Schlieren technique

Progress in Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐ and Aluminum‐Ion Battery Electrodes: Challenges and Outlook

Quantitative evaluation of fillers dispersion state in CaCO3/polypropylene composites through visualization and fractal analysis

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Quantitative evaluation of fillers dispersion state in CaCO₃/polypropylene composites through visualization and fractal analysis