Critically Ill Children During the 2009–2010 Influenza Pandemic in the United States

Randolph, Adrienne G.; Vaughn, Frances L.; Sullivan, Ryan M.; Rubinson, Lewis; Thompson, B. Taylor; Yoon, Grace; Smoot, Elizabeth W; Rice, Todd W.; Loftis, Laura; Helfaer, Mark A.; Doctor, Allan; Paden, Matthew L.; Flori, Heidi R.; Babbitt, Christopher; Graciano, Ana Lía; Gedeit, Rainer; Sanders, Ronald C.; Giuliano, John S.; Zimmerman, Jerry J.; Uyeki, Timothy M.

doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0774

Cited by 202 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The global mortality rate was similar to prepandemic seasonal influenza estimates, but the burden of mortality shifted to persons less than 65 years of age (7,8). Bacterial pneumonia complicated between 25% and 50% of severe infections in both children and adults (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). S. aureus and S. pneumoniae were the most common complicating organisms, although Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Gram-negative rods were also found in biologic specimens of critically ill patients.…”

Section: Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 61%

Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection: Illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease

2015

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cSeasonal influenza virus infection presents a major strain on the health care system. Influenza virus infection has pandemic potential, which was repeatedly observed during the last century. Severe disease may occur in the young, in the elderly, in those with preexisting lung disease, and in previously healthy individuals. A common cause of severe influenza pathogenesis is superinfection with bacterial pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. A great deal of recent research has focused on the immune pathways involved in influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Both innate and adaptive antibacterial host defenses are impaired in the context of preceding influenza virus infection. The goal of this minireview is to highlight these findings and synthesize these data into a shared central theme of pathogenesis.

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Section: Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 61%

Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection: Illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease

2015

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“…Detailed methods for the pH1N1 CCR have been described previously for the adult (10) and pediatric patient cohorts (11). The use of de-identified data from the pH1N1 CCR was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Research in Human Subjects Committee.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug and Aspirin Use, and Mortality among Critically Ill Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Patients: an Exploratory Analysis

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY:We explored nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and aspirin (ASA) use and mortality in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' registry of 683 adult and 838 pediatric critically ill pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) patients. Among adults, 88 (12.9z) and 101 (14.8z) reported pre-admission use of an NSAID and ASA, respectively; mortality was similar (23-24z) regardless of NSAID or ASA use. Mortality among 89 pediatric NSAID users and 749 nonusers did not differ significantly (10.1z and 8.8z, respectively). One of 16 pediatric ASA users died. Among pediatric patients, the adjusted relative risk estimate for NSAID use and 90-day mortality was higher when influenza vaccination was included in the model (risk ratio [RR] ＝ 1.5; 95z confidence interval, 0.7-3.2), although not statistically significant. Among adults, RR estimates did not change appreciably after adjusting for age, sex, health status, or vaccine status. We found no compelling evidence that NSAID or ASA use influenced mortality in severe pH1N1.

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“…Since respiratory failure due to ARDS is not just typical of the adult population but it is represented also in infants, AECC definition was clinically used either in adult or in pediatric critical care (10)(11)(12) to contextualize the grade of lung injury. However, oxygenation index (OI), proposed for the first time by Dr. Bartlett studying indications for ECMO in neonates with respiratory failure (13,14), is a commonly accepted indicator to describe lung injury in the pediatric population.…”

Section: History Of Ards: the Long Path To Define A Syndrome-new Acqumentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and epidemiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Rezoagli¹,

Fumagalli²,

Bellani³

2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

177

127

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Fifty years ago, Ashbaugh and colleagues defined for the first time the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), one among the most challenging clinical condition of the critical care medicine. The scientific community worked over the years to generate a unified definition of ARDS, which saw its revisited version in the Berlin definition, in 2014. Epidemiologic information about ARDS is limited in the era of the new Berlin definition, and wide differences are reported among countries all over the world. Despite decades of study in the field of lung injury, ARDS is still so far under-recognized, with 2 out of 5 cases missed by clinicians. Furthermore, although advances of ventilator strategies in the management of ARDS associated with outcome improvements-such as protective mechanical ventilation, lower driving pressure, higher PEEP levels and prone positioning-ARDS appears to be undertreated and mortality remains elevated up to 40%. In this review, we cover the history that led to the current worldwide accepted Berlin definition of ARDS and we summarize the recent data regarding ARDS epidemiology.

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Critically Ill Children During the 2009–2010 Influenza Pandemic in the United States

Cited by 202 publications

References 51 publications

Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection: Illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease

Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection: Illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug and Aspirin Use, and Mortality among Critically Ill Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Patients: an Exploratory Analysis

Definition and epidemiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome

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