“…Informal care, including kinship-based fostering, is more common than institutionalization for the 163 million children worldwide who do not live with a biological parent (Groza et al, 2011;Lancy, 2008; Leiden Conference on the Development and Care of Children Without Permanent Parents, 2012). Informal kinship-based fostering has been documented in many places, including West Africa (Bledsoe, 1990;Goody, 1982;Gottlieb, 2004;Notermans, 2004), Oceania (Barlow, 2004;Carroll, 1970;Carsten, 1991;Donner, 1999;Ottino, 1970), Latin America (Fonseca, 1986;Leinaweaver, 2008;Van Vleet, 2009;Walmsley, 2008;Weismantel, 1995), and minority communities in North America (Stack, 1974;Strong, 2001). Indeed, the more rigid biological definitions of kinship used to calculate foster care arrangements in North America and Western Europe are atypical worldwide (Keller, 2013).…”