CRK2 enhances salt tolerance in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> by regulating endocytosis and callose deposition in connection with PLDα1

Hunter, Kerri; Kimura, Shigenobu; Rokka, Anne; Tran, Huy Cuong; Toyota, Masatsugu; Kukkonen, Jyrki P.; Wrzaczek, Michael

doi:10.1101/487009

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 79 publications

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“…Membrane anchored receptors also form multi-component signalling complexes (Mueller and Nickel, 2012; Stegmann et al , 2017; Ren et al , 2019) and in some cases higher order clusters (Scott et al , 2008; Pan et al , 2019) for signalling. The CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE2 (CRK2) was recently shown to accumulate at the plasmodesmal PM in response to salt stress (Hunter et al , 2019) suggesting the possibility that the plasmodesmal PM commonly executes signalling via transient recruitment and concentration of machinery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin perception in plasmodesmata identifies subcellular, context-specific immune signalling in plants

Cheval

Johnston

Samwald

et al. 2019

Preprint

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14The plasma membrane (PM) that lines plasmodesmata has a distinct protein and lipid 15 composition, underpinning specific regulation of these connections between cells. The 16 plasmodesmal PM can integrate extracellular signals differently from the cellular PM, but it 17 is not known how this specificity is established or how a single stimulus can trigger 18 independent signalling cascades in neighbouring membrane domains. Here we have used the 19 fungal elicitor chitin to investigate signal integration and responses at the plasmodesmal PM. 20 We found that the plasmodesmal PM employs a receptor complex composed of the LysM 21 receptors LYM2 and LYK4 which respectively change their location and interactions in 22 response to chitin. Downstream, signalling is transmitted via a specific phosphorylation 23 signature of an NADPH oxidase and localised callose synthesis that causes plasmodesmata 24 closure. This demonstrates the plasmodesmal PM deploys both plasmodesmata-specific 25 components and differential activation of PM-common components to independently 26 integrate an immune signal. 27 28 93that plasmodesmata are regulated independently of other immune responses, suggesting that 94 there is a critical requirement for a cell to finely tune connectivity to its neighbours. 95 4 Results 96Chitin-triggered plasmodesmata closure is dependent on LYK4 and LYK5 97 We previously identified that LYM2 is a GPI-anchored, LysM receptor protein that is 98 resident in the plasmodesmal PM (Faulkner et al., 2013). As LYM2 has no intracellular 99 domains we reasoned that it must interact with other proteins to initiate downstream signals 100 that result in plasmodesmal responses. Ligand perception by LysM RKs and RPs often 101 involves multiple members of the LysM protein family: chitin perception in rice involves 102 both the RP CHITIN ELICITOR BINDING PROTEIN (OsCEBiP) and the RK CHITIN 103 ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (OsCERK1) (Kaku et al., 2006; Hayafune et al., 2014); 104 peptidoglycan perception in Arabidopsis involves the RK CERK1, and RPs LYM1 and 105 LYM3 (Willmann et al., 2011); and PM chitin perception in Arabidopsis involves CERK1 106 (also called LYK1) and the RKs LYK4 and LYK5 (Cao et al., 2014). Thus, we hypothesised 107 that LYM2 might partner with a LysM RK for signalling. The Arabidopsis LysM RK family 108 consists of 5 members: CERK1/LYK1, LYK2, LYK3, LYK4 and LYK5. To narrow down 109 plasmodesmata signalling candidates we screened publicly available data sets for LYK gene 110 expression. Comparing data sets from seedlings (GSE74955, Yamada et al., 2016; 111 GSE78735, Hillmer et al., 2017) and mature leaves (eFP browser, Winter et al. 2007) we 112 identified variable expression patterns for the LYK family members (Fig. S1). Thus, we 113 performed RT-PCR to identify members of the family expressed in mature Arabidopsis 114 leaves where we assay for and detect LYM2 function. Only transcripts from CERK1, LYK3, 115LYK4 and LYK5 were detected in mature leaves grown in our conditions, eliminating LYK2 116 f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin perception in plasmodesmata identifies subcellular, context-specific immune signalling in plants

Cheval

Johnston

Samwald

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Maize AFP1 confers antifungal activity by inhibiting chitin deacetylases from a broad range of fungi

Tsai

Kalunke

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Adapted plant pathogenic fungi deacetylate chitin to chitosan to avoid host perception and disarm the chitin-triggered plant immunity. Whether plants have evolved factors to counteract this fungal evasion mechanism in the plant-pathogen interface remains obscure. Here, we decipher the underlying mechanism of maize cysteine-rich receptor-like secreted proteins (CRRSPs)-AFP1, which exhibits mannose-binding dependent antifungal activity. AFP1 initials the action by binding to specific sites on the surface of yeast-like cells, filaments, and germinated spores of the biotrophic fungi Ustilago maydis. This could result in fungal cell growth and cell budding inhibition, delaying spore germination and subsequently reducing fungal viability in a mannose-binding dependence manner. The antifungal activity of AFP1 is conferred by its interaction with the PMT-dependent mannosylated chitin deacetylases (CDAs) and interfering with the conversion of chitin. Our finding that AFP1 targets CDAs from pathogenic fungi and nonpathogenic budding yeast suggests a potential application of the CRRSP in combating fungal diseases and reducing threats posed by the fungal kingdom.

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The BIR2/BIR3-Associated Phospholipase Dγ1 Negatively Regulates Plant Immunity

et al. 2020

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CRK2 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by regulating endocytosis and callose deposition in connection with PLDα1

Cited by 4 publications

References 79 publications

Chitin perception in plasmodesmata identifies subcellular, context-specific immune signalling in plants

Chitin perception in plasmodesmata identifies subcellular, context-specific immune signalling in plants

Maize AFP1 confers antifungal activity by inhibiting chitin deacetylases from a broad range of fungi

The BIR2/BIR3-Associated Phospholipase Dγ1 Negatively Regulates Plant Immunity

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